Для студентов II курса РИПК на 7 мая 2020

«Natural disasters» 

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Natural disasters like earthquakes, tornado, tsunami and floods happen more frequently nowadays. There are many reasons why they occur, but the main one is related to human activity on Earth which often has a negative impact on our environment. All kinds of disasters are usually very damaging. Many dwellings, roads and even whole streets and cities are ruined. The number of victims usually terrifies as hundreds or even thousands of people get injured or die in disasters. However, each disaster has a different nature. For example, an earthquake is the result of the tectonic plates’ movement which leads to the shaking of a certain area on land. Earthquakes destroy buildings and people usually become victims because they get stuck or killed under the rubble. Tornado is also a natural disaster which looks like an enormous column of the wind which lifts cars, bicycles, furniture and many other things. It is also called a twister and it can be very dangerous if touches the surface of the ground or water. Flood in its turn happens when rivers burst their banks. Most extended floods damage cities and wash away whole populated places. Tsunami is another natural disaster which arises as a series of huge waves caused by underwater earthquakes. Thus, there are many natural disasters which are dangerous for all of us. We should be careful and treat our planet better in order not to die with it.

Фразы: 
Natural disaster – природный катаклизм
Earthquake – землетрясение 
Flood – наводнение 
Environment – окружающая среда 
Victim – жертва 
To ruin/to destroy – разрушать 
Under the rubble – под обломками 
To burst the banks – выходить из берегов

Текст 2

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Mother Nature can act rather scary sometimes. Almost every day TV channels, radio and newspapers report on natural disasters striking different parts of the world. Scientists say that earthquakes, tornados, floods, droughts, tsunamis, landslides and hurricanes are happening more frequently nowadays. Global warming, pollution and growing industrialization lead to imbalance in our echo-system.  

A natural disaster can be defined as an uncontrollable extreme disruption which causes ecological and financial damage and victims of vulnerable population. Sometimes the events can be predicted by special meteorological warning systems and they often happen in the same geographical area because they are related to climate and physical characteristics of the region. For example, Florida is constantly suffering from tornadoes and hurricanes, and Japan – from earthquakes.

An earthquake happens when tectonic plates of the earth move and they make the area shake violently. According to the Richter scale the magnitude of earthquakes is measured from 1 to 10 points. The most powerful earthquake was recorded in 1960 in Chile, its magnitude was 9.5.

Volcanic eruptions occur when hot red magma erupts from the earth’s crust and flows from the top of the volcano. It also throws volcano ashes into the air which are harmful to inhale for human beings and animals.

A tsunami is a series of dangerous huge ocean waves, usually caused by underwater earthquakes. This natural disaster attacks the shore all of a sudden and often results in thousands of deaths. The height of the waves can reach 30 metres.

Flooding is another natural disaster. Floods happen when the water level in rivers and seas becomes too high. Sometimes flash floods can even wash away whole villages.

During extremely hot dry summers our world usually suffers from vast forest fires and severe droughts. Wildfires are especially dangerous in windy weather when they spread very easily. Droughts may result in famine because the land becomes dry and people can’t grow any plants and vegetables on it.

A tornado is an enormous column of twisting wind that moves very fast and destroys houses, raises in the air and throws people, animals and heavy things. Hurricanes and tornados are very common in America and the Atlantic Ocean.

Landslides happen when earth and rocks on slopes become loose or water-laden and they fall down the hills or mountains.

People face great problems after disasters: the water is usually infected, the communication lines (electricity, telephone) are often damaged, most of the buildings and property are destroyed, agricultural crops are also damaged. Natural disasters are great tragedies to many countries and nations. They take a lot of people’s lives. Thousands of people become homeless, unemployed. They need medical and psychological help.

Грамматика

II-й тип условных предложений в английском языке

посмотрите видеоролик по данной теме:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysbMIbs4dic

Выполните следующие упражнения:

1. Поставьте глаголы из скобок в необходимую форму.

1. If he … (be) my friend, I … (invite) him to the party.
2. If I … (be) taller, I … (become) a basketball player.
3. If an asteroid … (hit) our planet, it … (cause) an ice age.
4. John … (travel) around the world if he … (win) a lottery prize.
5. We … (go) to Spain this winter if we … (have) enough money.
6. She … (not mind) if you … (borrow) her car.
7. If you … (move) to another city, I … (phone) you every day.
8. They … (laugh) at me if I … (sing) this song.
9. If we … (have) free time, we … (start) a new hobby.
10. If I … (know) her secret, I … (not tell) it to anyone.

2. Составьте условные предложения II типа, используя данные слова в необходимой форме. Переведите.

Н-р:   the questions be so easy/ all of us pass the test. – If the questions were so easy, all of us would pass the test. (Если бы вопросы были такими легкими, мы все сдали бы тест.)

1. he be slim/ he be more attractive.
2. I pick the children up/ I am not busy.
3. you drink much wine/ you feel sleepy.
4. I am married/ I have lunch at home.
5. Peter live in a house/ he have a dog.

3. Замените условные предложения I типа (реальное условие) на условные предложения II типа (нереальное условие).

Н-р:  If we make a fire, we will frighten away the wolves. (Если мы разожжем костер, мы спугнем волков.) – If we made a fire, we would frighten away the wolves. (Если бы мы разожгли костер, мы бы спугнули волков.)

1. If you leave the child alone, he will hurt himself.
2. We’ll make nice pictures if Paola brings a camera.
3. If it snows, the kids will make a snowman.
4. I’ll buy this laptop if I have enough money.
5. If our granny puts on her glasses, she will see the flowers.
6. If you are too busy, we’ll leave you alone.
7. I will plant the tomatoes tomorrow if it rains.
8. If Bob finds his relatives, he will live with them.