Тема The Present (Indefinite) Simple Tense — это фундамент всей английской грамматики. В медицинском контексте она особенно важна, так как описывает постоянные состояния, привычки, расписания и объективные факты (например, симптомы, действия врачей, режимы пациентов).

📚 Часть 1. Теория: Present Simple

1. Образование форм (для глагола to treat — лечить)

Форма	Как строится	Пример
Утверждение (V)	Подлежащее + глагол (в 3-м л. ед. ч. + -s/-es)	I treat patients. / She treats patients.
Отрицание (N)	Подлежащее + don't/doesn't + глагол (без -s)	I don't treat. / She doesn't treat.
Вопрос (Q)	Do/Does + подлежащее + глагол (без -s)?	Do you treat? / Does she treat?
Краткий ответ	Yes, I do. / No, she doesn't.	—

Правило -s/-es:

• -s: work → works, take → takes
• -es (после -sh, -ch, -s, -x, -o): watch → watches, go → goes
• -ies (согласная + y): study → studies, carry → carries (но: play → plays

2. Случаи употребления 

Случай	Когда используем	Примеры
1. Постоянные факты / законы природы	Что всегда правда	The heart pumps blood. / The body needs oxygen.
2. Расписание / график	Больницы, смены, приёмы	The clinic opens at 8 am. / Doctor Smith starts his shift at 9.
3. Привычки / рутина	Что мы делаем регулярно	I take my pills every morning. / He checks blood pressure daily.
4. Профессии / состояния	Кто чем занимается	A surgeon operates on patients. / My brother works in a lab.
5. Объективные симптомы	Описание болезней	The patient feels dizzy. / This medicine reduces pain.
6. Инструкции / протоколы	Что нужно делать всегда	You wash your hands before surgery. / The nurse measures temperature.
7. Сейчас (с глаголами состояния)	Люблю, знаю, вижу (stative verbs)	I know the diagnosis. / She sees the results clearly.

Слова-маркеры: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never, every day, on Mondays, at 8 o'clock, twice a week.

✍️ Часть 2. Комплекс упражнений 

Упражнение 1. Сопоставление глагола и формы (Beginner)

Поставьте глагол в форму 3-го лица единственного числа (he/she/it):

1. to treat → 
2. to diagnose → 
3. to watch → 
4. to study → 
5. to go (to the lab) → 
6. to prescribe → 

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант:

1. The nurse _ the patients' temperature every morning. (take / takes)
2. Doctors _ not _ on Sundays. (do / does — work / works)
3. _ the pharmacist _ this medicine without a prescription? (Do / Does — sell / sells)
4. My patient _ sugar in his coffee. (don't like / doesn't like)
5. A healthy diet _ your immune system. (strengthen / strengthens)
6. _ you _ any allergies? (Do / Does — have / has)

Упражнение 3. Трансформируйте предложения в отрицательную или вопросительную форму:

1. Утверждение: The patient takes antibiotics twice a day. → 

   Отрицание: _______________  Вопрос:_______________

2. Утверждение: This medication causes side effects. → 

   Отрицание: _______________   Вопрос:_______________

3. Утверждение: Doctors recommend annual check-ups. → 

   Отрицание: _______________   Вопрос:_______________

   
   

Упражнение 4. Заполнение пропусков (Medical Routine). Вставьте правильную форму глагола в скобках:

A day in the life of a nurse:

Every morning, I (1) _ (arrive) at the hospital at 7 am. First, I (2) (check) the charts of all patients. My colleague, Anna, (3) (prepare) the medications. Then we (4) (go) to the wards. Anna (5) (ask) patients about their symptoms. I (6) (measure) blood pressure and (7) (record) the results. At noon, we (8) (have) a break. In the afternoon, I (9) (visit) the lab, where the technician (10) _ (analyze) blood samples.

Упражнение 5. Найдите и исправьте ошибки в предложениях:

1. The doctor don't like coffee.
2. Does the surgeon operates in the morning?
3. My patient always feel tired.
4. This syrup not help with cough.
5. Do the hospital have an emergency department?
6. She doesn't works on weekends.

Упражнение 6. Вопросы к пациенту (Interview). Составьте вопросы, используя Present Simple. Начните с предложенных слов:

Ситуация: Врач расспрашивает пациента о привычках.

1. (How often / you / take / medication?) → __________
2. (What / you / usually / eat / for breakfast?) → __________
3. (Your family / have / history of heart disease?) → __________
4. (How many hours / you / sleep / every night?) → __________
5. (You / smoke?) → __________

Упражнение 7. Медицинские факты. Выберите правильный вариант, обращая внимание на смысл:

1. The human body _ water to function properly. (need / needs / is needing)
2. Antibiotics _ viral infections. (don't treat / doesn't treat / not treat)
3. A pulse _ the rhythm of the heartbeat. (measure / measures / is measure)
4. Most nurses _ in hospitals, but some _ in private clinics. (work / works — work / works)
5. The doctor _ his rounds every day at 10 am. (make / makes / is making)
6. Patients with diabetes _ regular blood tests. (requires / require / is requiring)

Упражнение 8. Креативное задание (Writing)

Напишите короткий текст (5-7 предложений) о типичном дне врача, используя Present Simple и минимум 3 слова-маркера (every day, usually, always).

Пример начала:

A doctor usually starts his day early. He always checks…

Упражнение 9. Диалог (Speaking/Reading)

Прочитайте и продолжите диалог, используя Present Simple:

Doctor: Good morning. Do you have any complaints? Patient: Yes, I always feel tired in the morning. Doctor: How many hours do you sleep? Patient: I usually sleep 5 hours. I don't have time for more. Doctor: That's not enough. Do you take any vitamins? Patient: No, I don't. But I drink coffee every day. Doctor: Hmm. Your lifestyle… You should change it. Now, tell me…

Вопросы к диалогу:

1. Почему пациент всегда чувствует усталость? (по тексту)
2. Что врач говорит о витаминах? (используйте Present Simple)

Глагол "to be" в настоящем времени 

(Present Simple)

📘 Спряжение глагола "to be" в Present Simple

Полная таблица спряжения

Подлежащее	Утверждение (+)	Отрицание (-)	Вопрос (?)
I	am	am not	Am I…?
He	is	is not	Is he…?
She	is	is not	Is she…?
It	is	is not	Is it…?
You	are	are not	Are you…?
We	are	are not	Are we…?
They	are	are not	Are they…?

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Схема (формулы)

УТВЕРЖДЕНИЕ:  Подлежащее + am/is/are + дополнение
ОТРИЦАНИЕ:    Подлежащее + am/is/are + not + дополнение
ВОПРОС:       Am/Is/Are + подлежащее + дополнение?

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Краткие формы

Полная форма	Краткая форма
I am	I'm
He is	He's
She is	She's
It is	It's
You are	You're
We are	We're
They are	They're

Отрицание (полное)	Отрицание (краткое)
I am not	I'm not
He is not	He isn't / He's not
She is not	She isn't / She's not
It is not	It isn't / It's not
You are not	You aren't / You're not
We are not	We aren't / We're not
They are not	They aren't / They're not

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🧩 Упражнения 

Упражнение 1: Заполните пропуски (am / is / are)

1. I __ a student.
2. She __ my best friend.
3. They __ from Russia.
4. He __ a doctor.
5. We __ happy.
6. You __ very kind.
7. It __ a beautiful day.
8. My parents __ at home.
9. The book __ on the table.
10. I __ tired today.

Упражнение 2: Выберите правильный вариант

1. (Am / Is / Are) you ready?
2. She (am / is / are) a teacher.
3. We (am / is / are) good friends.
4. I (am / is / are) hungry.
5. They (am / is / are) from London.
6. (Am / Is / Are) he your brother?
7. It (am / is / are) cold outside.
8. You (am / is / are) welcome!
9. My cat (am / is / are) black.
10. (Am / Is / Are) I late?

Упражнение 3: Поставьте слова в правильном порядке.

1. she / is / a / nurse → __________________________
2. are / we / students / good → __________________________
3. I / am / not / tired → __________________________
4. they / are / from / Spain → __________________________
5. he / is / my / brother → __________________________
6. you / are / my / friend → __________________________
7. it / is / a / big / house → __________________________
8. not / we / are / ready → __________________________
9. is / she / happy / today → __________________________
10. am / I / very / busy → __________________________

Упражнение 4: Преобразуйте предложения в отрицательные

Пример: I am a teacher. → I am not a teacher. / I'm not a teacher.

1. He is a student. → ________
2. She is from Moscow. → ________
3. They are my friends. → ________
4. We are at work. → ________
5. It is a computer. → ________
6. You are tall. → ________
7. I am happy. → ________
8. The children are at school. → ________

Упражнение 5: Преобразуйте предложения в вопросительные

Пример: She is a doctor. → Is she a doctor?

1. He is my classmate. → ________
2. They are at the cinema. → ________
3. I am your friend. → ________
4. It is a good idea. → ________
5. We are ready. → ________
6. You are from Italy. → ________
7. She is a singer. → ________
8. The book is interesting. → ________

Упражнение 6: Кратко ответьте на вопросы

Пример: Are you a doctor? → Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.

1. Is he a student? → Yes, . / No, .
2. Are they from England? → Yes, . / No, .
3. Am I late? → Yes, . / No, .
4. Is it a dog? → Yes, . / No, .
5. Are you ready? → Yes, . / No, .
6. Is she your sister? → Yes, . / No, .
7. Are we friends? → Yes, . / No, .
8. Is he at home? → Yes, . / No, .

Упражнение 7: Исправьте ошибки

1. I is a student. → ________
2. She are my mother. → ________
3. They am happy. → ________
4. He are a policeman. → ________
5. We is at the park. → ________
6. You is very nice. → ________
7. It are a big city. → ________
8. My friends is from Canada. → ________
9. I are not hungry. → ________
10. She am not a doctor. → ________

Упражнение 8: Заполните пропуски (полная или краткая форма)

1. I __ (not) a teacher. I'm a student.
2. __ she your sister? — Yes, she is.
3. They __ my classmates.
4. We __ at school today.
5. __ you from Russia? — Yes, I am.
6. He __ my best friend.
7. It __ (not) a big house.
8. __ they at home? — No, they aren't.
9. I __ very busy right now.
10. She __ (not) from England.

Упражнение 9: Переведите на английский

1. Я студент. → ________
2. Она врач. → ________
3. Мы из России. → ________
4. Он мой друг. → ________
5. Они дома. → ________
6. Я не устал. → ________
7. Ты готов? → ________
8. Это очень интересная книга. → ________
9. Мои родители на работе. → ________
10. Вы не правы. → ________

Упражнение 10: Заполните таблицу

Подлежащее	Утверждение	Отрицание	Вопрос
I	am	am not	Am I…?
He	__	__	__?
She	__	__	__?
It	__	__	__?
You	__	__	__?
We	__	__	__?
They	__	__	__?

Упражнение 11: Выберите правильную краткую форму

1. She (isn't / aren't / am not) my sister.
2. We (isn't / aren't / am not) ready.
3. I (isn't / aren't / am not) from Canada.
4. He (isn't / aren't / am not) a teacher.
5. They (isn't / aren't / am not) at school.
6. You (isn't / aren't / am not) my friend.
7. It (isn't / aren't / am not) cold.
8. The boys (isn't / aren't / am not) at home.

Упражнение 12: Составьте вопросы и ответы

Пример: He / a doctor → Is he a doctor? — Yes, he is.

1. She / a singer → ________ — ________
2. They / students → ________ — ________
3. You / hungry → ________ — ________
4. It / a cat → ________ — ________
5. We / friends → ________ — ________
6. I / late → ________ — ________
7. He / from France → ________ — ________
8. She / at home → ________ — ________

Упражнение 13: Соедините части предложений

1. I	a. are very kind.
2. She	b. is a good book.
3. They	c. am a student.
4. He	d. are from Spain.
5. It	e. is my brother.
6. We	f. are at the cinema.
7. You	g. is a doctor.
8. My parents	h. are happy.

Упражнение 14: Вставьте "am, is, are" или "not"

1. He __ at school. (утверждение)
2. They __ at home. (отрицание)
3. I __ a teacher. (утверждение)
4. She __ from Spain. (отрицание)
5. We __ friends. (утверждение)
6. You __ late. (отрицание)
7. It __ a dog. (утверждение)
8. The students __ in the classroom. (отрицание)

Упражнение 15: Творческое задание. Напишите 5 предложений о себе, используя глагол "to be" в настоящем времени. Укажите:

• кто вы (имя, профессия)
• откуда вы
• каковы вы (характер)
• что вы любите (хобби)
• что вы не любите

Пример: I am Alex. I am from Russia. I am kind. I am interested in music. I am not lazy.

1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________

🎯 Полезная шпаргалка

✅ I am
✅ He/She/It is
✅ You/We/They are

❌ I am not
❌ He/She/It is not
❌ You/We/They are not

❓ Am I...?
❓ Is He/She/It...?
❓ Are You/We/They...?

THE VERB "TO BE" in the Present Continuous Tense

Глагол "to be" в настоящем длительном времени (Present Continuous)

Что такое Present Continuous Tense?

Present Continuous (также называемый Present Progressive) описывает действия, происходящие прямо сейчас, в момент речи. Он также может описывать временные ситуации или запланированные действия в будущем.

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Структура Present Continuous

Формула:
am / is / are + глагол + -ing

Подлежащее	Форма "to be"	Глагол + -ing
I	am	working
He / She / It	is	working
You / We / They	are	working

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📝 Глагол "to be" как вспомогательный

В этом времени глагол "to be" используется как вспомогательный (помогающий) глагол. Он несёт в себе время, а основной глагол несёт смысл.

Примеры:

• ✅ I am reading a book. (am = вспомогательный, reading = основной глагол)
• ✅ She is eating lunch.
• ✅ They are playing football.

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🔧 Полные и краткие формы

Полная форма	Краткая форма
I am	I'm
You are	You're
He is	He's
She is	She's
It is	It's
We are	We're
They are	They're

Пример:

• I am working. → I'm working.
• She is sleeping. → She's sleeping.

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⚠️ Правила правописания при добавлении "-ing"

Правило	Пример
Большинство глаголов: просто добавьте -ing	play → playing
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -e: уберите e, добавьте -ing	make → making
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на согласная + гласная + согласная: удвойте последнюю согласную	run → running, sit → sitting
Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -ie: замените на -y, добавьте -ing	die → dying

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❓ Отрицательная форма

Структура:
am/is/are + not + глагол + -ing

Подлежащее	Отрицательная форма
I	am not (isn't) working
He/She/It	is not (isn't) working
You/We/They	are not (aren't) working

Примеры:

• I am not going to the cinema.
• She isn't watching TV.
• They aren't listening to music.

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❓ Вопросительная форма

Структура:
Am/Is/Are + подлежащее + глагол + -ing?

Вопрос	Ответ
Am I working?	Yes, you are. / No, you aren't.
Is he sleeping?	Yes, he is. / No, he isn't.
Are they studying?	Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.

Пример:

• Are you watching the match? — Yes, I am.

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🕐 Слова-маркеры (указатели времени)

Эти слова часто указывают на Present Continuous:

• now (сейчас)
• right now (прямо сейчас)
• at the moment (в данный момент)
• at present (в настоящее время)
• look! / listen! (смотри! / слушай! — как маркеры внимания)

Примеры:

• Look! The baby is crying.
• We are having dinner at the moment.

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🔄 Сравнение: Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

Present Simple (регулярные действия/факты)	Present Continuous (сейчас/временно)
I work every day.	I am working right now.
She plays tennis on Sundays.	She is playing tennis at the moment.
They live in London.	They are living in a hotel temporarily.

Task 1: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of "to be" (am / is / are)

1. I __ writing a letter.
2. She __ dancing at the party.
3. We __ eating breakfast.
4. He __ fixing his car.
5. They __ walking to school.
6. You __ making a lot of noise.
7. The cat __ sleeping on the sofa.
8. My friends __ swimming in the pool.
9. I __ studying English now.
10. The children __ playing outside.

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Task 2: Put the verbs in brackets into Present Continuous

1. Look! The birds __ (fly) in the sky.
2. Listen! Someone __ (sing) next door.
3. I __ (read) a very interesting book at the moment.
4. We __ (wait) for the bus right now.
5. She __ (cook) dinner in the kitchen.
6. The students __ (listen) to the teacher.
7. My dad __ (wash) his car now.
8. They __ (play) a video game together.
9. The phone __ (ring). Can you answer it?
10. It __ (rain) outside.

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Task 3: Make the sentences negative

Example: He is reading. → He isn't reading.

1. I am working. → ________
2. She is watching TV. → ________
3. They are playing football. → ________
4. We are having lunch. → ________
5. The dog is barking. → ________
6. You are listening to music. → ________
7. My mother is cooking. → ________
8. The boys are running. → ________

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Task 4: Make questions from the sentences

Example: He is sleeping. → Is he sleeping?

1. She is reading a book. → ________
2. They are dancing. → ________
3. I am learning English. → ________
4. We are going to the park. → ________
5. The teacher is explaining the lesson. → ________
6. You are wearing a new jacket. → ________
7. His brother is working in the garden. → ________
8. The children are drawing pictures. → ________

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Task 5: Choose the correct option

1. She (is / are / am) writing an email right now.
2. They (is / are / am) playing chess.
3. I (is / are / am) listening to the radio.
4. We (is / are / am) having a lesson at the moment.
5. He (is / are / am) cleaning his room now.
6. You (is / are / am) looking very happy today.
7. The birds (is / are / am) singing in the morning.
8. My sister and I (is / are / am) painting the wall.
9. The baby (is / are / am) crying again.
10. It (is / are / am) getting dark outside.

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Task 6: Put the words in the correct order to make sentences/questions

1. is / she / reading / a / magazine / now → __________________________

2. are / they / playing / in / the / garden → __________________________

3. am / I / not / feeling / well → __________________________

4. is / he / watching / the / news / at / the / moment → __________________________

5. you / are / listening / to / me ? → __________________________

6. is / it / snowing / outside ? → __________________________

7. are / we / studying / for / the / test / right / now → __________________________

8. what / are / you / doing / now ? → __________________________

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Task 7: Rewrite the sentences in the Present Continuous

Example: She reads books. → She is reading books.

1. I drink coffee. → ________
2. He watches cartoons. → ________
3. We play tennis. → ________
4. They eat pizza. → ________
5. My sister does homework. → ________
6. The students write a test. → ________
7. The children sleep. → ________
8. My father drives a car. → ________

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Task 8: Correct the mistakes (there is one mistake in each sentence)

1. He are eating breakfast now. → ________
2. I is watching a film at the moment. → ________
3. They is playing in the park. → ________
4. She am reading a newspaper. → ________
5. We are go to the cinema now. → ________
6. Look! The cat is sleeps on the sofa. → ________
7. Are he coming to the party? → ________
8. She isn't play the piano at the moment. → ________

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Task 9: Answer the questions (full answers)

1. Are you studying English right now? → ________
2. Is it raining today? → ________
3. Are your friends playing outside? → ________
4. Is your mother cooking dinner at the moment? → ________
5. Are you reading a book now? → ________

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Task 10: Write sentences about what people are doing in the picture (imaginary or real)

Describe 5 actions happening now. Use Present Continuous.

1. __________________
2. __________________
3. __________________
4. __________________
5. __________________