"ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ PERFECT CONTINUOUS"

Времена группы Perfect Continuous в английском языке

Perfect Continuous Tenses in English

Времена группы Perfect Continuous обозначают длительные действия, которые к определенному моменту совершались в течение какого-то периода, продолжают совершаться или уже завершились.

Present Perfect Continuous Ann has been playing tennis since she was 5 Энн играет в теннис с 5 лет

Past Perfect Continuous Ann had been playing tennis for 6 years by the time she was 11 К 11 годам Энн играла в теннис уже 6 лет

Future Perfect Continuous Ann will have been playing tennis for 2 hours by noon К полудню Энн будет играть в теннис уже 2 часа

Группу Perfect Continuous иногда называют Perfect Progressive Tenses — совершенные длительные времена.

Present Perfect Continuous

Используется для обозначения действий, начавшихся в прошлом и продолжающихся в настоящем. Это время часто сопровождается словами-маркерами, которые указывают на продолжительность действия:

for	в течение
since	с какого-то момента

Present Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью have / has been и V-ing:

We have been waiting for you since yesterday morning	Мы ждем вас со вчерашнего утра
Uncle John has been doing the same job for 40 years	Дядя Джон занимается одной и той же работой уже 40 лет

Past Perfect Continuous

Выражает длительное действие, которое закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом. В предложениях в этом времени тоже встречаются слова-маркеры:

for some time	в течение некоторого времени
since	с какого-то момента

Past Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью had been + V-ing:

We had been waiting for 20 minutes when the concert finally started

Мы ждали уже 20 минут, когда концерт наконец начался

Future Perfect Continuous

Выражает длительное действие, которое будет завершено в определенное время в будущем. На это могут указывать слова-маркеры, обозначающие отрезок времени в будущем или момент, когда действие закончится:

for	в течение
by	к (какому-то моменту)
when	когда

Future Perfect Continuous образуется с помощью will have been и V-ing:

By 5 p.m. we will have been waiting for more than two hours

К 5 часам вечера мы будем ждать уже более двух часов

1. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Perfect Continuous, Past Perfect Continuous или Future Perfect Continuous.

 to teach

1. She … German since 1970.
2. She … German for 50 years by the year of 2020.
3. She … German for 2 hours when her student fell asleep.

 to ride a horse

4. Kate … for five hours before she reached the town.
5. Kate … for a whole hour!
6. Kate … for five hours by the time you get here.

 

 2. Выберите в скобках подходящее слово или словосочетание. Переведите предложения.  

 

1. My friends had been living in Kabul for 2 years … (when the war breaks out/when the war broke out/when the war will break out).
2. What has she been doing … (since 8 o’clock/for 8 o’clock/by 8 o’clock)?
3. We shall have been working for 5 hours … (when you return/when you will return/when you returned) to our office by 6 p.m.
4. It had been snowing for a day … (when I leave/when I left/when I will leave) home.
5. I have been preparing for my exam … (since 2 days/for 2 days/by 2 days).
6. How long had they been windsurfing … (when I see/when I saw/when I shall see) them?
7. Sara will have been driving her bike for 6 months … (since Christmas/for Christmas/by Christmas).
8. By the time ... (our Mum wakes up/our Mum woke up/our Mum will wake up) we will have been flying over the ocean for a couple of hours.

 

3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в необходимое время группы Perfect Continuous. Переведите.

 

1. They … (to celebrate) their wedding since last Friday.
2. I … (to play) the violin for a long time when my friends came.
3. Wake up! You … (to sleep) for 12 hours already!
4. We … (to sunbathe) on the beach for several hours by the time she reads our letter.
5. The boy took the toys which little Mary … (to play) with.
6. Tony … (to speak) on the phone since breakfast time.
7. Mark … (to choose) a new telephone for an hour before he bought it.
8. Liz … (to translate) the book for ages.
9. He said he … (to wait) for us for half an hour.
10. By tonight I … (to keep) to a diet for 2 weeks already.

Прочитайте предложения и скажите, в каком времени стоят глаголы ⤵️

#1

I had been working for 8 hours without a break when you called

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

#2

I have been driving since I was 17

Present Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

#3

By next September, I will have been working here for 5 years

Present Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

#4

It hadn't been raining for 3 days

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

#5

I haven't been learning English for 6 months

Future Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

#6

John will have been driving for 5 hours by the time he arrives

Past Perfect Continuous

Future Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Continuous

 

Модальные глаголы в английском языке. 

модальные глаголы выражают отношение к действию, которое стоит после него.

ПРИМЕРЫ:

1. I must feed my dog. — Я должен кормить собаку.
2. I can feed my dog. — Я могу кормить собаку.
3. I may feed my dog. — Мне разрешают кормить собаку.
4. I should feed my dog. — Мне следует покормить собаку.

Как видно из примеров, глаголы must, can, may, should выражают РАЗНОЕ отношение к действию «кормить». Поэтому при выборе модального глагола надо обязательно учитывать контекст!

Формы модальных глаголов

CAN — CAN’T или CANNOT
MAY – MAY NOT
SHOULD – SHOULDN’T
MUST — MUSTN’T

Модальные глаголы (правила)

Правило 1. К модальным глаголам не добавляется никаких окончаний.

СРАВНИТЕ:

1. She playS chess well.
2. She can play chess well.

* * *

Правило 2. После модальных глаголов не ставится частица to, которая обычно ставится между двумя действиями.

СРАВНИТЕ:

1. I like to read.
2. I can read.

* * *

Правило 3. Модальные глаголы самостоятельные. Это значит, что при составлении вопросов и отрицаний им НЕ НУЖНЫ вспомогательные глаголы.

СРАВНИТЕ:

1. He likes to read. — He doesn’t like to read. — Does he like to read?  (вс. глагол — does)
2. He can read. — He can’t read. — Can he read? (нет вспомогательного глагола)

Английские модальные глаголы. Таблица

Упражнение 1. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (can, must, may, should) в предложение.

• afford — позволить себе
• nonsense — глупость, вздор

1. Mum, ……..…I buy an ice-cream? (можно)
2. You…..…. hear this song everywhere, it’s very popular. (можешь)
3. …..…..you believe it? I’m sure it’s nonsense. (неужели можно)
4. You …..…. not read in bed. (нельзя)
5. You………..…. not worry. All is going to be fine. (не нужно)
6. If you ………….. afford this car, buy it. (можешь)
7. He …………….. give up smoking after a heart attack. (должен)
8.  ……………. I help you with this heavy box? (можно)

* * *

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант перевода модального глагола.

1. Врач должен быть хорошим специалистом, так как последствия его ошибок особенно серьезны. (should, must, has to, need to)

2. Случай был настолько запутанный, что ему пришлось обратиться за советом к юристу. (had to, could, might, should)

3. Можно мне брать книги из вашей библиотеки? (can, may, should, am)

4. Она сможет ходить только после длительного лечения. (can, will be able,  will be allowed,  may)

5. Ей следует немедленно обратиться к врачу. (must, should, has to, can)

* * *

Упражнение 3. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. What time do you think……go home? (we should, should we, we ought, ought we)
2. There was no bus, so we ……to walk home. (have, had, must, should)
3. In this office you ……………. wear a tie, it’s not necessary. (can’t, don’t have to, mustn’t)
4. How much money….…. bring? (I need, do I need, shall I, I must)
5. Kate likes to relax in the evenings, but sometimes she has a meeting she…………. to go to. (should, must, has, need)
6. I……………go to London tomorrow, but I’m not sure. (can, may, will, would)
7. You ………. take an umbrella today. The sun is shining. (needn’t, mustn’t, can’t)
8. Where are my gloves? – I … put them on because it’s cold today. (can, must, have to)

* * *

Упражнение 4. Вставьте подходящий модальный глагол (can, must, may, should) в предложение.

1. You _______________ park here. (нельзя)

2. You __________think about the future and not about the past. (следует)

3. Tell them they _______________ get a visa to go to Germany. (нужно)

4. You have done your homework and _______________ play games now. (можешь)

5. Don’t argue with me, son! You _______________ do it right now! (должен)

6. I’m sorry, I _______________ talk to you right now. (не могу)

7. Listen to me, boys! You _______________ touch it, it’s very hot! (нельзя)

8. We __________ always be on time for our lessons. (должны)

9. Well, you____________ tell me anything if you don’t want to. (не нужно)

10. It’s none of your business. You__________ get involved in his affairs. (не следует)

* * *

Упражнение 5. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Andrew ……… sing like an angel before his voice broke. (was able to, could, had to)

2. I …………… get two tickets for the Cup Final yesterday. (could, was able to, might)

3. In Russia you ………… to vote until you’re 18. (mustn’t, aren’t allowed, can’t)

4. You …………… cheat in the exam because it will be carefully supervised. (won’t be able, won’t have to, can’t)

5. He is very rich. He …………… work for a living. (mustn’t, doesn’t need, doesn’t have to)

6. She ………. get up early because she was on the sick-list. (mustn’t, didn’t have to, needn’t have)

7. Actors ………….… learn a lot of dialogue. (have to, may, are allowed to)

Вы не уверены в правильности предложений 1 и 2? Запомните, что could переводится как «мог», а was able to —  «смог» (один раз в прошлом). Такое отличие принципиально только в УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНЫХ предложениях и часто встречается в тестах на модальные глаголы по английскому языку.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте в предложения Can или Be able to.
1. Mary ….. (read) when she was four. (умела)
2. I hope I will ….. (visit) my relatives in the Ukraine. (смогу)
3. He is an excellent swimmer, he ….. (swim) across the river two years ago. (смог)
4. When I was little, I …… (speak) English. (не мог)
5. … she …. (do) the work alone yesterday? (смогла)

Повторить Модальные глаголы CAN и MUST. Их эквиваленты BE ABLE TO и HAVE TO (уровень intermediate) 

 * * *

Модальные глаголы в  значении предположения (уровень Advanced)

Если вы изучаете на нашем сайте английскую грамматику по уровням и уже дошли до уровня Upper-intermediate — Advanced, то вы уже знаете, что модальные глаголы используются для выражения предположения. Упражнения ниже помогут вам закрепить эту непростую тему на практике.

Для начала давайте проверим, как вы поняли теоретическую часть. Для этого ответьте на вопрос «Как вы переведете модальный глагол MUST в предложении?»

He must be a good player. He has scored five goals in the match.

•  Он должен быть хорошим игроком.
•  Он, должно быть, хороший игрок.

View Results

Упражнение 7. Выберите самый подходящий вариант.

1. I’m sure that they forgot about our wedding.
   a.They can’t have forgotten about our wedding.
   b. They must have forgotten about our wedding.
2. It’s possible that John is not a rich businessman.
   a John may not be a rich businessman.
   b John can’t be a rich businessman.
3. I think Lisa is learning Italian.
   a Lisa could learn Italian.
   b Lisa could be learning Italian.

* * *

Упражнение 8. Вставьте в пропуски модальные глаголы в значении предположения:must, may, may not, might, might not, could, can’t.

1. She goes out every evening. She …  have a family.
2. He looks depressed. He … be having some problems.
3. This woman looks like a politician. She … work for the government.
4. He’s got a very nice sun tan. He … be working in an office all day.
5. Her clothes are all very expensive. She … be earning a lot of money.

* * *

Упражнение 9. Перефразируйте предложения, используя модальный глагол.

1. I’m sure she’s relaxing in her room. She … in her room.
2. Perhaps the plane arrived late and that’s why they’re not here. The plane … late, and that’s why they’re not here.
3. I don’t believe you failed the exam. You … the exam.
4. It’s possible that Sam doesn’t like classical music. Sam … classical music.
5. I’m sure John is not forty-five yet. John … forty-five yet.
6. It’s possible that he’s living in Paris now. He … in Paris now.
7. It’s obvious they lied to me about their love affair. They … to me about their love affair.
8. It’s quite likely that Bill didn’t win the competition. Bill … the competition.

* * *

Упражнение 10. Переведите три диалога и выучите их наизусть. Составьте свой диалог.
Диалог 1.
A: Why didn’t John come to see us last night?
B: I’ve have no idea. He might have forgotten about it.
A: Or he might have gone to his parents.
B: He probably did.

Диалог 2.
A: Why didn’t Bill come to see us last night?
B: I’ve have no idea. He might have had some trouble with his car.
A: Or he might have worked in the garden.
B: He probably did.

Диалог 3. 
A: Why didn’t Bob come to see us last night?
B: I’ve have no idea. He might have had a meeting.
A: Or he might have gone to the football match.
B: He probably did.

* * *

Упражнение 13. Предположите  о настоящем или прошлом. Используйте MUST, CAN, MAY.

1. They … (come from) London but I am not sure.
2. I can’t find my cat. She … (get out) through the window.
3. They … (miss) the train otherwise they would be here by now.
4. Bobby can’t find his pen at the lesson. He …………………… (leave) it at home.
5. Reggae ………..… (be) the only music that’s got its own country- Jamaica.

* * *

Упражнение 14. Make a prediction about Past, Present or Future. Use MUST, CAN, MAY, CAN’T.

1. We are always hopeful we……………..(win) something in the national lottery.
2. I knocked at the door but nobody answered. Everybody ………………………. (go) to the beach.
3. Tom is never late. He ……………………………………(miss) the train yesterday.
4. We ………… (have) some rain today.
5. He hasn’t eaten all day. He……..….(be) very hungry.

 

 Differences between People

People differ physically from the moment of conception, but it is only after birth that an individual can be observed. Family traits and characteristics are noted by adoring parents who think the baby looks like another family member or definitely takes after the mother's side or, without a doubt, has his father's nose.

Eye colour, skin colour and the texture of our hair are all different and depend on our inherited genes. A baby born with ginger hair may in a few months’ time have fair hair as the birth hair falls out and is replaced. Hair can be fine, thick, straight or curly, and as we grow older it gets thinner. Some hair loss is experienced at quite an early age whilst others have a full head of hair throughout their lives. People with dark hair may find that it turns to grey or white even before they reach their 40's.

European people in general have paler skin than if your ancestors come from Africa or Asia. Skin can change colour if exposed to sunlight, but the tan does not last unless it is regularly topped up.

The rate at which we develop and grow is variable. Boys and girls of the same age show big differences in growth spurts especially when puberty is reached. At the age of 12, girls are much taller than boys of the same age, but at 16 years of age, boys shoot up and overtake the girls in height and body strength.

The way the body develops is not just a result of physical changes, as our mental processes have a large part to play in what we want to achieve. A desire to become a skilful footballer, a long distance runner or a strong swimmer require stamina and years of practise to try and attain the top level. Even with hours of body building activities and work-outs in the gym, a person will not be able to compete in a Strong Man competition if they have a small frame and fragile bones.

The food we eat will, to a certain extent, determine how we grow and gives us strong bones. A lack of activity and eating too much sweet sugary food can result in people gaining excessive amounts of weight. It seems unfair that one person can eat all sorts of fattening food and not put on weight whilst others just 'looking at a cream cake' can put on pounds or kilos.

Выполните тест:

1) What changes take place a few weeks after birth?

    A) The noise the baby makes.
    B) The skin colour.
    C) The baby's hair.
    D) The shape of the nose.

2) What causes pale skin to become brown or tanned?

    A) Exposure to the sun.
    B) Staying indoors.
    C) Covering the body with sun cream lotion.
    D) Spending time on a sun bed.

3) Roughly, at what stage in their development do girls start to grow in height?

    A) When they start learning to swim.
    B) When they start primary school.
    C) When they eat raw vegetables.
    D) When they reach puberty at the age of 12 or 13.

4) What do we need to succeed in sport at the top level?

    A) A strong body and a determination to keep persisting.
    B) Extra tuition.
    C) Lots of work in the gym.
    D) Good food.

5) What happens to our bodies if we eat too much and do not take enough exercise?

    A) We feel happy.
    B) We get fat and overweight.
    C) Our muscles get flabby.
    D) We do not have any energy.