Степени сравнения прилагательных в английском языке
Прилагательные в английском имеют степени:
положительную (positive) сравнительную (comparative) и превосходную (superlative)
1. Односложные и двусложные прилагательные
Добавляем окончания -er (сравнительная) и -est (превосходная).
Положительная | Сравнительная | Превосходная |
big | bigger | the biggest |
cold | colder | the coldest |
fast | faster | the fastest |
happy | happier | the happiest |
Правила правописания:
· Конечная согласная удваивается после краткого гласного: big → bigger → biggest, hot → hotter → hottest.
· Конечная -y после согласной переходит в -i: happy → happier → happiest.
· Немая -e отбрасывается: large → larger → largest.
2. Многосложные прилагательные (3+ слога)
Используем more и the most.
Положительная | Сравнительная | Превосходная |
beautiful | more beautiful | the most beautiful |
interesting | more interesting | the most interesting |
expensive | more expensive | the most expensive |
3. Двусложные прилагательные - исключения и вариативность
Некоторые двусложные прилагательные могут образовывать степени обоими способами:
- clever → cleverer / more clever
- narrow → narrower / more narrow
- polite → politer / more polite
Но прилагательные на -ful, -less, -ing, -ed, -ous обычно берут more/most:
- useful → more useful → the most useful
- boring → more boring → the most boring
4. Неправильные формы (нужно запомнить!)
Положительная | Сравнительная | Превосходная |
good | better | the best |
bad | worse | the worst |
far | farther / further | the farthest / the furthest |
little | less | the least |
many / much | more | the most |
old | older / elder | the oldest / the eldest |
elder/eldest — только о членах семьи (my elder brother). further - ещё и «дальнейший» (further information).
5. Сравнительные конструкции
as … as — такой же, как: She is as tall as her brother.
not as … as / not so … as — не такой, как: This film isn't as interesting as that one.
than — чем (после сравнительной степени): He is taller than me / than I am.
much, far, a lot, a bit, slightly, even усиливают сравнение: This car is much more expensive than that one.
the … the … — чем … тем …: The more you practise, the better you get.
6. Артикль the с превосходной степенью
Перед превосходной степенью почти всегда ставим the:
- She is the smartest student in the class.
- It's the most interesting book I've ever read.
Исключение: если после превосходной степени стоит притяжательное местоимение - артикль не нужен: my best friend, his eldest son.
Краткая шпаргалка
Слог | Как образуем | Пример |
1 слог | -er / -est | fast → faster → the fastest |
2 слога (на -y, -er, -le, -ow) | -er / -est | happy → happier → the happiest |
2 слога (остальные) | more / most | careful → more careful → the most careful |
3+ слога | more / most | expensive → more expensive → the most expensive |
Неправильные | запомнить | good → better → the best |
Упражнение 1. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степени
1. tall → _ → _
2. interesting → _ → _
3. good → _ → _
4. hot → _ → _
5. expensive → _ → _
6. happy → _ → _
7. bad → _ → _
8. beautiful → _ → _
9. little → _ → _
10. big → _ → _
Упражнение 2. Выберите правильный вариант
1. This exercise is (easier / more easy) than the previous one.
2. She is the (most intelligent / intelligentest) person I know.
3. Today is (hotter / more hot) than yesterday.
4. This is the (worse / worst) film I've ever seen.
5. My bag is (heavier / more heavy) than yours.
6. He is (more careful / carefuller) than his brother.
7. That was the (happiest / most happy) day of my life.
8. This road is (narrower / more narrow) than the main one.
9. The weather is getting (badder / worse) every day.
10. It's the (most expensive / expensivest) restaurant in town.
Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, поставив прилагательное в нужную степень
1. My sister is _ (old) than me — she's 20.
2. This is the _ (good) pizza in the city.
3. Today the wind is _ (strong) than yesterday.
4. She is the _ (talented) singer of our group.
5. My room is _ (small) than my brother's.
6. This is _ (interesting) book I've ever read.
7. The Amazon is _ (long) river in the world.
8. He speaks English _ (fluently) than I do.
9. That was the _ (bad) decision of my life.
10. Winter in Siberia is much _ (cold) than in Europe.
Упражнение 4. Дополните предложения конструкциями (as … as / than / the … the)
1. She is _ tall _ her mother.
2. This test is more difficult _ the last one.
3. _ more you read, _ better your vocabulary becomes.
4. My phone isn't _ expensive _ yours.
5. He runs faster _ his friends.
6. This film is _ interesting _ the one we watched yesterday. (не такой интересный)
7. _ older you get, _ wiser you become.
8. Her new flat is much bigger _ the old one.
9. I'm not _ tired _ you think.
10. The exam was far _ (hard) than we expected.
Упражнение 5. Найдите и исправьте ошибку
1. He is more taller than his brother.
2. This is the most easiest task in the test.
3. She is the bestest student in our class.
4. My car is more fast than yours.
5. Today is more cold than yesterday.
6. This book is interestinger than that one.
7. He is the most good player in the team.
8. My sister is elder than me by two years.
9. This is the more beautiful place in the world.
10. The weather is getting more bad every day.
