Sights of Moscow

Переведите и запишите с транскрипцией  следующие слова и словосочетания:

a) cultural, scientific, research, exhibition, architectural, heart, cathedral,

unique, exhibit, associate, festivities, Mausoleum, St. Basil’s, ancient, tomb,

perpetual, without, sculpture, execution, facility;

b) a cultural and scientific center; lots of research institutes; exhibition halls;

ceremonies and national celebrations; science; architectural monuments; the heart of Moscow; St. Basil’s Cathedral; a unique collection; exhibits associated with Russian history; the Mausoleum; ancient times; a tomb of the Unknown Soldier; on the tombstone; a perpetual flame; without seeing; European painting and sculpture; the Kremlin Chimes; sport facilities.

Notes:

1. sight, n — достопримечательность

to see sights — осматривать достопримечательности

syn. to go (to do) sightseeing.

          2. to be rich in — изобиловать

The city is rich in historical monuments.

Город изобилует историческими памятниками.

3. to be situated — располагаться

The Kremlin is situated in the center o f Moscow.

Кремль расположен в центре Москвы.

4. exhibition, n — выставка

Where is the Central Exhibition Hall situated?

Где расположен Центральный выставочный зал?

to hold an exhibition — проводить выставку

exhibit, n — экспонат

5. famous, a — знаменитый

to be famous for — славиться чем-либо

Moscow is famous for its museums.

Москва славится своими музеями.

6. to be devoted to — посвящаться

Monuments arc devoted to outstanding people.

Памятники посвящены выдающимся людям.

7. remarkable, а — замечательный

The buildings o f the Kremlin arc remarkable museums.

Здания Кремля представляют собой замечтельные музеи.

8. to be named after — носить имя

Moscow University is named after M. Lomonosov.

Московский университет носит имя М. Ломоносова,

9. in front of, prep.— перед

10. opposite to, prep. — напротив

11. behind, prep. — позади

Прочитайте и переведите текст

Text

Moscow

Founded in 1147 by Yury Dolgoruky, Moscow has become the largest

political, administrative, economic and cultural center in the country. Moscow is one of the world’s scientific and arts centers. It is the seat of the Academy of Sciences of Russia, the home of many colleges, thousands of schools, lots of research institutes.

There are over 100 museums and exhibition halls, dozens of theatres, hundreds of cinemas and libraries. Moscow is rich in historical and architectural monuments.

The heart of Moscow is the Kremlin. The cathedrals, palaces, tower and

buildings of the Kremlin are remarkable museums containing unique exhibits

associated with Russian history. The Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon arc the sights

that attract many tourists as well.

There are many towers in the Kremlin. The Spasskaya Tower is the tallest tower and it has become one of the symbols of Moscow. Red Square is one of the most beautiful squares in the world. In the 17^th century the square was called “red” which means “beautiful” in old Slavic. The square has witnessed many historic events. Here ceremonies, national celebrations and executions took place. In the center of it you can see the Mausoleum near the Kremlin wall. On the south side of the square is St. Basil’s Cathedral. In the middle of the 16th century St. Basil’s Cathedral was built under Ivan IV (the Terrible) to celebrate the annexation of Kazan and Astrakhan. The Russian masters Posnik and Barma built this architectural masterpiece.

The monument to Minin and Pozharsky is situated in front of the Cathedral.

The monument was sculptured by Ivan Martos in classical style. It is devoted to the

victory of 1612 war against the Polish invaders.

On the cast side of the square is the largest department store of the capital. On

the north side of the square is the Historical Museum. Its collection covers the

Russian history from ancient times to the end of the 19th century.

Not far in the Alexandrovsky Garden is the tomb o f the Unknown Soldier

made o f marble. It is a holy place in Moscow. A perpetual flame bums on the

tombstone which has the following inscription: “Your name is unknown but your

heroic deed is immortal.”

Teatralnaya Square is the center of Russian theatrical culture, with the famous Bolshoy Theatre, the Maliy Theatre, which is the oldest and largest drama theatre in the country, and with the Children’s Theatre build in 1921. In the square we can see the monument to A. N. Ostrovsky in front of the Maliy Theatre, and the monument to Karl Marx in the center of the square opposite to the

Bolshoy Theatre.

Moscow is famous for its monuments. You can find here monuments to

outstanding writers, poets, scientists, revolutionaries. Perhaps, the most beautiful is

the monument to Pushkin, the great Russian poet. It is situated in the center of

Pushkinskaya Square opposite to “Rossia” cinema. There are always many people

around, some of them bring flowers to the monument.

The most popular museums in Moscow arc probably the Pushkin Fine Arts

Museum and the Tretyakov Gallery. The Pushkin Museum is situated in Volkhonka street. It has a fine collection of European painting and sculptures. The Pushkin Museum periodically holds exhibitions of the art of various countries. The Tretyakov Gallery is famous for its unique collection of Russian art. Its founder, Pavel  Tretyakov, began collecting the finest works of Russian artists in 1856. Thirty-six years later he presented the whole collection to the city of Moscow.

In the South-West of Moscow we can see a 32-storey building of Moscow

University with the monument to M. Lomonosov in front of it. The University was

named after the great Russian scientist. The University was constructed in 1949-Later in the 70-ties several new buildings were added. If you turn your back on the University, you will have a remarkable view of the capital.

Across the Moskva-river the central stadium in Luzhniki is situated, one of the biggest sport centers in Europe. There are many sport facilities in Moscow, among them arc the Olympic complex, various stadiums, a number of swimming pools.

Составьте предложения:

1. Moscow is famous for its (cultural establishments, monuments,

exhibitions halls, etc.)

2. The exhibition is devoted to (Russian painting, science and technology,

medicine, etc.)

3. One of the best sights in the Kremlin is (the Uspensky Cathedral, the

Tsar Bell, the Palace of Congresses, etc.)

4. Moscow is rich in (historical monuments, various sights, architectural

monuments, famous theatres, exhibition halls, etc.)

Ответьте на вопросы:

1. When was Moscow founded?

2. Who was it founded by?

3. Why do we call Moscow a political center? (a cultural center, a scientific

center)

4. What is the heart of Moscow?

5. What can we see in the Kremlin?

6. Do you think Red Square is the most beautiful square in the country?

7. Can you explain what the name “Red” means?

8. What is situated on Red Square?

9. What is the monument to Minin and Pozharsky devoted to?

10. Where is the Tomb of the Unknown soldier situated?

11. What is Teatralnaya Square famous for?

12. Is Moscow rich in monuments? What monuments in Moscow do you

know?

13. What are the most popular museums in Moscow?

14. Where is Moscow University situated?

15. What sport facilities arc there in Moscow?

Напишите:

1) о Москве как культурном, экономическом и научном центре;

2) об исторических достопримечательностях Москвы;

3) об архитектурных памятниках Москвы;

4) о центре Москвы.

Higher Bodies of State Power in the United Kingdom

ex. 1.

Read properly the following names and terms:

Great Britain; the Prime Minister, number 10 Downing Street; the Houses o f

Parliament; Westminster, Parliamentary government; the United Kingdom;

government departments; ministers o f the Crown; local authorities; statutory boards; the House of Lords; the House o f Commons.

ex. 2.

Read and translate the following words paying attention to the international

root; economic; constitutional; apparatus; social; to concentrate; section; trusts; to

control; industry, finance; police; monarchy, absolute; to limit; the Prime Minister,

policy; committee; monopolists; parliamentary; politician; to dircct; department;

administration; operation; to nationalize; public services.

ex. 3.

Read the following word combinations after the speaker; then try to say them once again by heart: to have a majority in the House o f Commons; to take  policy decisions; to make the changes in the size o f Cabinet; to create new ministries; the power of the monopolists over the parliamentary government; by direct representation in Parliament; by direct influence over the Cabinet; by initiation, control and amendment of legislation; the bodies o f the legislature; the bodies of the executive; the bodies of the judiciary; the Queen in Parliament; ministers o f the Crown; to be responsible for, local authorities; government departments; statutory boards; particular nationalized industries; hereditary power.

ex. 4.

Open the brackets using the verb “to be” in a proper form:

1. The British state (to be) a capitalist state.

2. The entire constitutional and state apparatus (to be) concentrated in the

hands o f the capitalist trusts.

3. The economic power in Great Britain (to be) in the hands o f the tiny section

of rich property owners.

4. Government departments in Great Britain (to be) responsible for

administration at the national level.

5. The bodies o f government in the United Kingdom (to be): a) those o f the

legislature, b) those o f the executive, and c) those o f the judiciary.

6. The British constitutional system (to be) an expression o f the rule of

capitalism.

7. The Cabinet and other ministers o f the Crown (to be) responsible for

directing national policy.

8. The highest legislative body in Great Britain (to be) the Queen in

Parliament.

9. Great Britain (to be) a parliamentary monarchy. The Queen o f Great Britain

(to be) not absolute, but constitutional.

10.The powers of the Queen (to be) hereditary, not elective.

11 . The Prime Minister (to be) usually the leader o f the party that has a

majority in the House o f Commons.

ex. 5. Open the brackets using the verbs in a proper form o f the Present Indefinite

Tense:

1. The Prime Minister (to hold) Cabinet meetings at his or her house at number

10 Downing Street.

2. The Prime Minister usually (to take) policy decisions with the agreement of

his Cabinet.

3. The rich property owners (to control) the land, industry, finance, and trade in

Britain.

4. Men o f one and the same social class (to staff) the state apparatus, the

British armed forces, the police and the judiciary.

5. The real power in Great Britain (to belong) to great trusts and monopolies.

6. Monopolists (to initiate and control) legislation in Britain.

7. The executive bodies in Great Britain (to consist) of:

a) the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown;

b) government departments;

c) local authorities

d)statutory boards.

8. The entire constitutional and state apparatus (to remain) firmly in the hands

of big monopolies.

9. The British constitutional system (to protect) the capitalist social order.

Ex. 6. Read the text “The Bodies o f Government in the United Kingdom” and answer the following questions on the text:

1. What kind o f state is Great Britain?

2. In what way do the monopolists achieve their power over the government in

Britain?

3. What arc the branches o f power in the United Kingdom?

4. What is the highest legislative body in the United Kingdom?

5. What do the executive bodies o f Great Britain consist of?

6. What kind o f organ is the House o f Lords?

7. Who is responsible for directing national policy in Great Britain?

8. Who is responsible for the operation o f public services in Great Britain?

9. What arc local authorities responsible for?

10. What can you say about the Prime Minister o f Great Britain?

Text:

The Bodies of Government in the United Kingdom

Great Britain is a monarchy, but the Queen o f Great Britain is no absolute, but constitutional. Her powers are limited by Parliament. But the power is hereditary, and not elective.

The power of the monopolists over the Parliamentary government in Britain is achieved in three main ways: 1) by direct representation in Parliament by

businessmen and by politicians supporting businessmen; 2) by direct influence over the Cabinet, the supreme organ o f the British Government which controls Parliament; and 3) by initiation, control and amendment o f legislation in which they arc interested. (“The British Political System” by J. Gollan)

The bodies of government in the United Kingdom arc: those o f the legislature, which consists of the Queen in Parliament and is the supreme authority of the country; those of the executive and those o f the judiciary.

The executive bodies consist o f 1) the Cabinet and other ministers o f the

Crown who arc responsible for directing national policy; 2) government departments, who are responsible for administration at the national level; 3) local authorities who administer and control many services at the local level; and 4) statutory boards, who are responsible for the operation o f particular nationalized industries or public services. The highest judicial body in the English judicial system is the House of Lords.

The Prime Minister is usually the leader o f the party that has a majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister usually takes policy, decisions with  the agreement of his Cabinet (a committee o f leading Ministers). Each new Prime

Minister may make changes in the size o f his Cabinet and may create new ministries or make other changes. The Prime Minister holds Cabinet meetings at his (her) house at number 10 Downing Street, which is very near the Houses of Parliament in Westminster.

(“Everyday English for Foreign Students” by S. Potter,

“The Encyclopcdia Britanica”)

Ex. 7. Make up 7 sentences and try to say each o f them by heart:

1. The executive bodies o f Great Britain consist o f

2. Local authorities

3. The bodies of the legislature consist of

4. The Cabinet and other ministers o f the Crown

5. The entire constitutional and state apparatus

6. The Prime Minister

7. The powers o f the Queen

a. the Queen in Parliament

b. usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of his Cabinet.

c. is in the hands of the tiny section of rich property owners.

d. arc hereditary, not elective.

e. 1) the Cabinet and other ministers of the Crown; 2) government departments; 3) local authorities and 4)statutory boards.

f. control many services at the local level.

g. direct national policy.

ex. 8. Say if it is right or wrong. Give a full answer:

1. The British state is a federal republic.

2. Both the economic and political power arc in the hands o f the tiny section o f

rich property owners.

3. The British constitutional system has developed as an expression o f the rule

of the working class.

4. Great monopolies control the land, industry, financc and trade in Great

Britain.

5. Businessmen represent the monopolists in Parliament, influence the Cabinet

and control the legislation.

6. There are two branches o f power in Great Britain: the legislature and the

executive.

7. The Supreme authority o f the United Kingdom is the Cabinet.

8. The Cabinet and other ministers o f the Crown direct national policy.

9. The highest judicial body is the House o f Lords.

ex. 9. Speak on:

1) Great Britain as a monarchy and the powers o f the Queen;

2) the Prime Minister and his (her) powers;

3) the legislative branch o f power,

4) the executive bodies;

5) the branches o f power in Great Britain.

ex. 10. Ask your mate questions on the topic “The Bodies o f Government in the

United Kingdom”. Mind the word in interrogative sentences:

Model:

General Questions:

Is the power of the Queen elective?

Does the Prime Minister change the Cabinet?

Special questions:

What kind o f state is Great Britain?

In what way do the monopolists achieve their power over the government?

Where does the Prime Minister hold Cabinet meetings?

Mind the interrogativg pronouns:

who, what, how, why, whose, where, when, what kind of...

выписать из текста незнакомые слова с транскрипцией, выучить слова.     

                       The Kremlin

The Kremlin is the heart of Moscow. It is the oldest historical and architectural center of Moscow.

 First it was a wooden fortress. Under Dmitry Donskoy the Kremlin was built of white stone. During the reign of Ivan III the walls of white stone were replaced by new red brick walls and towers. The Tsar invited Italian architects to construct the cathedrals. The Assumption Cathedral was built in 1475 -1479 and all Russian Tsars and Emperors were crowned there. The Archangel Cathedral was the burial place of the Russian Princes and Tsars. The Annunciation Cathedral was built in 1484. It is famous for the icons painted by Andrey Rublev and his apprentices.

Ivan the Great is the Bell Tower, one of the most remarkable structures of the 16-th century. It rises in the center of the Kremlin. It unites all the Kremlin Cathedrals into a majestic ensemble.

On the stone pedestal at the foot of the Bell Tower there is a Tsar-Bell – the largest bell in the world. Not far from it one can see a Tsar Cannon.

Another fine example of Russian architecture is the Faceted Palace. It was built in 1487-91. One of the well-known Kremlin museums is the Armory Chamber. It was built in 1851. The famous golden cap of Monomach, the first Russian imperial crown of Catherine II, made of gilt silver and many other precious historical items are exhibited there.

ответить на вопросы письменно!

1. When were the red walls constructed?

2. Where were the Russian Tsars and Emperors crowned?

3. Which Cathedral is connected with Andrey Rublev?

4. What is Annunciation Cathedral famous for?

5. What is exhibited in the Armoury Chamber?

выполнить упражнения письменно. перед выполнением упражнений пройти по ссылке   и посмотреть видео урок

1. Поставьте глагол в форму Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous.
to shine

1. The sun … yesterday morning.
2. The sun … brightly now.
3. Tomorrow the sun … all day long.

to write

4. I … a postcard at the moment.
5. I … a postcard when you phoned.
6. I … a lot of Christmas cards tomorrow evening.

to sit

7. We … in the garden at 3 o’clock yesterday afternoon.
8. This time tomorrow we … in the garden.
9. We … in the garden now.

2. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме Present Continuous, Past Continuous или Future Continuous.

1. I … (study) Japanese online from 5 till 6 tomorrow evening.
2. Listen! Why the dogs … (bark)?
3. She … (wear) a yellow coat when I saw her.
4. They … (take) their driving test next Monday.
5. I dropped my wallet when I … (get) on the bus.
6. What you … (do) in my office yesterday?
7. Bob … (feel) much better today.
8. The kids … (watch) cartoons in their room now.
9. I’m afraid she … (sleep) in ten minutes.
10. We … (have) tea soon?

3. Преобразуйте утвердительные предложения в отрицательные, обращая внимание на форму глагола-сказуемого.

1. We are enjoying the party. (Нам нравится вечеринка.)
2. He’ll be playing chess in an hour. (Через час он будет играть в шахматы.)
3. They were planting flowers in the garden last May. (Они занимались посадкой цветов в саду в прошлом мае.)
4. I am looking for a job. (Я ищу работу.)
5. The phone was working yesterday. (Вчера телефон работал.)
6. Margaret will be working as a waiter during her summer holidays. (Маргарита будет работать официанткой во время летних каникул.)
7. The secretary is typing a contract. (Секретарь печатает договор.)