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Лексика по теме «Химия» (Chemistry) (русско-английский глоссарий)

Русское название	Английское название	Транскрипция
алмаз	diamond	[ ˈdaɪəmənd ]
алхимия	alchemy	[ ˈælkəmi ]
атом	atom	[ ˈætəm ]
атомная масса	atomic weight	[ əˈtɒmɪk weɪt ]
атомное ядро	atomic nucleus	[ əˈtɒmɪk ˈnjuːklɪəs ]
биологическая молекула	biological molecules	[ ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkəl ˈmɒlɪkjuːlz ]
биология	biology	[ baɪˈɒlədʒi ]
благородные газы	noble gases	[ ˈnəʊbəl ˈɡæsɪz ]
вещество	matter	[ ˈmætə ]
взаимодействие	interaction	[ ˌɪntəˈrækʃən ]
водород	hydrogen	[ ˈhaɪdrədʒən ]
газообразное состояние	gas state	[ ɡæs steɪt ]
геология	geology	[ dʒɪˈɒlədʒi ]
гранит	granite	[ ˈɡrænɪt ]
жидкое состояние	liquid states	[ ˈlɪkwɪd steɪts ]
изменение вещества	change of matter	[ tʃeɪndʒ əv ˈmætə ]
изотоп	isotope	[ ˈaɪsətəʊp ]
инертный газ	inert gas	[ ɪˈnɜːt ɡæs ]
ион	ions	[ ˈaɪənz ]
ионный	ionic	[ aɪˈɒnɪk ]
квантово-механическая модель	quantum mechanical model	[ ˈkwɒntəm mɪˈkænɪkəl ˈmɒdəl ]
кварц	quartz	[ kwɔːts ]
кислород	oxygen	[ ˈɒksɪdʒən ]
ковалентная связь	covalent bonds	[ ˌkəʊˈveɪlənt bɒndz ]
ковалентный	covalent	[ ˌkəʊˈveɪlənt ]
кристалл	crystal	[ ˈkrɪstəl ]
лабораторная посуда	laboratory glassware	[ ləˈbɒrətr̩i ˈɡlɑːsweə ]
металл	metal	[ ˈmetəl ]
молекула	molecule	[ ˈmɒlɪkjuːl ]
нейтрон	neutron	[ ˈnjuːtrɒn ]
новый эмпирический метод	new empirical methods	[ njuː ɪmˈpɪrɪkəl ˈmeθədz ]
окислительно- восстановительная реакция	oxidation- reduction reaction	[ ˌɒksɪdˈeɪʃən rɪˈdʌkʃən rɪˈækʃən ]
оксид	oxide	[ ˈɒksaɪd ]
органическая химия	organic chemistry	[ ɔːˈɡænɪk ˈkemɪstri ]
переодическая таблица	periodic table	[ ˌpɪərɪˈɒdɪk ˈteɪbəl ]
полимер	polymer	[ ˈpɒlɪmə ]
протон	proton	[ ˈprəʊtɒn ]
радиоактивный распад	radioactive decay	[ ˌreɪdɪəʊˈæktɪv dɪˈkeɪ ]
свойства вещества	properties of matter	[ ˈprɒpətɪz əv ˈmætə ]
синтез	synthesis	[ ˈsɪnθəsɪs ]
состав вещества	composition of matter	[ ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən əv ˈmætə ]
сплав	alloy	[ ˈælɔɪ ]
структура	structure	[ ˈstrʌktʃə ]
структура вещества	structure of matter	[ ˈstrʌktʃər əv ˈmætə ]
субстанция, вещество	substance	[ ˈsʌbstəns ]
твердое состояние	solid states	[ ˈsɒlɪd steɪts ]
теория атомов	theory of atoms	[ ˈθɪəri əv ˈætəmz ]
термодинамика	thermodynamics	[ ˌθɜːməʊdaɪˈnæmɪks ]
трансформация	transformation	[ ˌtrænsfəˈmeɪʃən ]
углекислый газ	carbon dioxide	[ ˈkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd ]
углерод	carbon	[ ˈkɑːbən ]
фармацевтический	pharmaceutical	[ ˌfɑːməˈsjuːtɪkəl ]
физическая наука	physical science	[ ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈsaɪəns ]
фотон	photon	[ ˈfəʊtɒn ]
фотохимическая реакция	photochemical reaction	[ ˌfəʊtəʊˈkemɪkəl rɪˈækʃən ]
химическая лаборатория	chemistry laboratory	[ ˈkemɪstri ləˈbɒrətr̩i ]
химическая номенклатура	chemical nomenclature	[ ˈkemɪkəl nəˈmenklətʃə ]
химическая реакция	chemical reaction	[ ˈkemɪkəl rɪˈækʃən ]
химическая связь	chemical bond	[ ˈkemɪkəl bɒnd ]
химический анализ	chemical analysis	[ ˈkemɪkəl əˈnæləsɪs ]
химический состав	chemical compositions	[ ˈkemɪkəl ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃənz ]
химическое соединение	chemical compound	[ ˈkemɪkəl kəmˈpaʊnd ]
химия	chemistry	[ ˈkemɪstri ]
щелочные металлы	alkali metals	[ ˈælkəlaɪ ˈmetəlz ]
электрический ток	electric current	[ ɪˈlektrɪk ˈkʌrənt ]
электрон	electron	[ ɪˈlektrɒn ]
электронное облако	electron cloud	[ ɪˈlektrɒn klaʊd ]
электрохимическая теория	electrochemical theory	[ əˌlektroˈkemɪkəl ˈθɪəri ]
элементарная частица	elementary particle	[ ˌelɪˈmentəri ˈpɑːtɪkəl ]
энергия	energy	[ ˈenədʒi ]
ядерная реакция	nuclear reaction	[ ˈnjuːklɪə rɪˈækʃən ]

II. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

Oxygen

Oxygen and hydrogen are two elements. Both of them exist as gas at room temperature and they combine together to form water. Hydrogen is the most abundant element of the universe whereas oxygen is one of the most abundant elements on earth.

Surprising Uses for Oxygen

The greatest amount of oxygen use comes from metal production. Oxygen is used to burn off carbon in iron to create steel. Carbon, along with other impurities, are all burned off in the process by blasting oxygen through molten iron. Oxygen is also used in rocket fuels by combining it with hydrogen inside rocket engines. Hydrogen and oxygen give off tremendous amounts of energy when they combine. This energy is what lifts the rocket into space. Oxygen is more heavier then Hydrogen, as for gases the density depends only upon the molar mass.

Oxygen in Nature

Oxygen makes up 20.948 percent of the earth's atmosphere. It also occurs in lakes, rivers, and oceans in the form of water. Its abundance in the earth is estimated to be nearly 45 percent. That makes oxygen almost twice as abundant as silicon, the second most common element. Oxygen occurs in many kinds of minerals including the carbonates, nitrates, phosphates, and sulfates. There are many amazing facts about oxygen, such as its role in plant life. Plants use the carbon dioxide that humans and animals breathe out after inhaling oxygen. It is easy to see why it is the most important element we have. From making metal to giving us what we need to breathe, oxygen helps us to survive in a way that no other element can match.

Difference between Hydrogen and Oxygen. Oxygen is vital for human beings as we need it to breathe so that our brain cells get the oxygen necessary for their functioning. It is needed by the body to maintain metabolism and also to get rid of toxins from our bodies. We get hydrogen as a component of water. Hydrogen gas is mostly used in the manufacture of Ammonia gas and is also used as a source of fuel.

Both hydrogen and oxygen are necessary for our survival (oxygen for breathing and hydrogen in the form of water). They have different chemical and physical properties. While hydrogen is one of the lightest gases, oxygen is relatively heavier (15 times than hydrogen) which is why we are able to breathe. They are both reactive gases and their reaction produces water which is essential for our survival.

 III. Дайте развернутые ответы на следующие вопросы:

1. What is the most abundant element of the universe?

2. What is oxygen used for?

3. Where can you find oxygen in nature?

4. Which is heavier  oxygen or hydrogene? 

5. What's the difference between oxygen and hydrogene?

6.Can we live without both oxygen and hydrogene?