Для студентов II курса РИПК на 21 мая 2020

Просмотрите ролик по теме Greenpeace:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9jDMjfSU-uE


Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выпишите незнакомые слова и выражения в тетрадь и выучите их. 

In 1971, motivated by their vision of a green and peaceful world, a small team of activists set sail from Vancouver, Canada, in an old fishing boat. These activists, the founders of Greenpeace, believed a few individuals could make a difference.

Their mission was to "bear witness" to US underground nuclear testing at Amchitka, a tiny island off the West Coast of Alaska, which is one of the world's most earthquake-prone regions. Amchitka was the last refuge for 3000 endangered sea otters, and home to bald eagles, peregrine falcons and other wildlife.Even though their old boat, was intercepted before it got to Amchitka, the journey sparked a flurry of public interest. The US still detonated the bomb, but the voice of reason had been heard. Nuclear testing on Amchitka ended that same year, and the island was later declared a bird sanctuary.

Today, Greenpeace is an international ecological organization that has 2.8 million supporters worldwide, and national as well as regional offices in 41 countries. Its headquarters are based in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Greenpeace is a non-profit organization and nongovernmental. It unites people of different colours living in different continents and speaking different languages. The common mission of this organization is preserving life on the earth in its full variety.

Greenpeace does not accept donations from governments, corporations or political parties but relies on contributions from individual supporters and foundation grants. Greenpeace does not support any political party. Nevertheless, its members carry on a dialogue with all political forces and struggle for approving and passing laws for the welfare of our environment.

As a global organization, Greenpeace focuses on the most crucial worldwide threats to our planet's biodiversity and environment. It campaigns to stop climate change, save the oceans, stop whaling, say no to genetic engineering, stop the nuclear threat, eliminate toxic chemicals.

The goal of Greenpeace is to expose environmental criminals, and to challenge government and corporations when they fail to live up to their mandate to safeguard our environment and our future.

Грамматика: Сослагательное наклонение в английском языке

The Subjunctive Mood

посмотрите ролик по теме:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE2khhO3MnM

сослагательное наклонение используется для передачи нереального действия: это действие, которое может быть возможным, желанным или воображаемым (нереальным).

(The Subjunctive Mood)

В английском языке в отличие от русского сослагательное наклонение имеет несколько форм:

1. Глагол to be имеет в настоящем времени форму be для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа. В прошедшем времени глагол to be имеет форму were для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа:

Subjunctive Mood
Present Tense	I be, you be, he (she, it) be, we be, they be
Past Tense	I were, you were, he (she, it) were, we were, they were

2. Формы be и were употребляются также для образования Present и Past сослагательного  наклонения в страдательном залоге:

Subjunctive Mood (Passive Voice)
Present Tense	I be sent, you be sent, he (she, it) be sent, we be sent, they be sent
Past Tense	I were sent, he (she, it) were sent, we were sent, you were sent, they were sent

3. Формы сослагательного наклонения всех остальных глаголов отличаются от форм изъявительного наклонения только в 3-м лице на­стоящего времени отсутствием окончания -s:

Subjunctive Mood
Present Tense	I work, he (she, it) work, we work, you work, they work

Выполните упражнения для закрепления материала:

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences. Here we have only real conditions.

If you want to be always healthy … .
You will have to consult the doctor if … .
If you have a running nose … .
You will escape the complications after a disease if … .
The doctor will surely write you a prescription if … .
The doctor will pull out your tooth if … .
Her headache won’t stop if … .
You will be coughing and sneezing constantly if … .
She won’t be able to continue her career if … .
If you don’t cure your throat …
If you don’t take any preventive measures … .

Exercise 2. Open the brackets where necessary and complete the sentences.

If you (to take) the drops now you (feel) much better even tomorrow.
Your heart and lungs (to work) better if you (to live) a healthier life.
If you didn’t consult a doctor … .
You wouldn’t cough and sneeze now if … .
If she took the pills for her sore throat … .
You would be fit as a fiddle now if … .
If you consulted the ENT doctor regularly … .
You wouldn’t wear your glasses now if … .
“I don’t believe you. If everything you tell about your grandmother (to be) truth she (to consult) a neuropathologist!”
You would do morning exercises regularly if … .
If you really were quite well now … .
She wouldn’t suffer from a disease so badly now if … .
If you wanted to escape any side effects of the medicine … .

Exercise 3. Open the brackets where necessary and complete the sentences. Here we have unreal conditions and pretty much of Mixed Condidionals.

If you (put on) warmer clothes yesterday, you (to catch a cold) and (to have) a high temperature.
The dentist wouldn’t have pulled out your tooth if … .
If you (not/to be) so careless you (not /to fall ill) with flu.
You would have been cured already if … .
If you had followed all the doctor’s instructions from the very beginning … .
If he (to fulfil) all the prescriptions of his physician, he (not/to operate) by a surgeon two weeks ago.
If you had agreed to have your tooth filled … .
But for your headache/earache/backache we … .
If my pain in the knee hadn’t been so strong yesterday … .
You wouldn’t have stayed in bed for so long if … .
If you had consulted the oculist in your childhood … .
If she hadn’t been afraid the pediatrician in her childhood … .
If she had had measles, mumps and scarlet fever when being a child … .

Для студентов I курса ПСА  1, 2 групп 

на 20 мая 2020 

 "The difficulties of a foreign language". 
Прочтите текст, переведите (письменно), подготовьтесь к пересказу:  

Grammar: Present Perfect Continues.

  Просмотрите видеоурок, пройдя по ссылке:  
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmegOBtl-_w

Выполните следующие упражнения: 

Упражнение 1. 

1. He (to repair) the ceiling for the whole morning. Maybe he needs some help? 
2. They (to play) football for two hours already. 
3. Where it (to be)? I (to search) for it all day! 
4. Jenna (to talk) to the marketing director for two hours right now. 
5. I (to read) this new novel for the last several days. 
6. Uncle Tim (to decorate) the New Year Tree for the whole day. 
7. You (to clean) the yard for the last 2 hours? 
8. The soup (to boil) since 12 a.m. Should I turn it off? 
9. He (to talk) about their new development strategy for the last three hours. 
10. My father (to send) application letters for half a year already and still he hasn’t got a job. 

Упражнение 2. 

1. — What an amazing taste coming from the kitchen! What is it? — I (to cook) an apple pie. 2. — I had no idea Mary could drive. —Yes, she (to drive) since last May. 
3. — Let’s go. We are already late! — Relax! I (to prepare) for this party for the last 8 hours. It can wait 2 more minutes. 
4. You (to see) my documents? I (to look) for them since last Saturday. 
5. My two little brothers (to play) the computer game for the last two hours. 
6. Is that Mrs. Thompson? The one he (to talk) about for the last two weeks? 
7. You (to watch) television for too long! You should turn it off. 
8. He doesn’t give any attention to me. He (to talk) to this woman for the last 40 minutes. 
9. We (to live) in this house for twelve years already. 
10. Daniel (to work) for the same employer for 10 years. 

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык:

1. Я учу японский язык с октября. 
2. Она работает в Сингапуре с 2014 года. 
3. Как долго идет дождь? 
4. Мэри ищет работу уже шесть месяцев. 
5. Китти путешествует уже последние 4 месяца. 
6. Она учила этот предмет на протяжении 5 лет. 
7. Сэм очень устал. Он тяжело работал весь день. 
8. —Ты звонила Тони? —Да, она придет сегодня. Она готовилась к экзамену последние несколько дней. 
9. Лори занималась в библиотеке последние 6 часов. 
10. Мы планировали эту поездку месяцами.

Для студентов II курса 3 группы ПСО на 20 мая 2020

Прочитайте текст о различных типах конституций и переведите его. 

Выпишите незнакомые слова с транскрипцией и переводом. Выучите их

Criminal Justice process in the USA

   Basically, the steps in the criminal court processes are as follows: arrest and booking, arraignment, trial and appeals (if any).

  A person who comes into contact with the criminal courts must initially be arrested. The arrest may take place with or without using a warrant (e.g. when an offense takes place in the presence of the officer, or when there is probable or reasonable cause to believe that a felony or misdemeanor has been committed. A felony is a serious offense punishable by death or imprisonment. A misdemeanor is a less serious offense punishable by a fine or up to one year in jail, or both). Even after an arrest the suspect may be released without being prosecuted for a variety of reasons: mistaken identity, lack of proper evidence, etc.

After the arrest is made, the suspect is booked. The booking card of the law enforcement agency contains information such as the date and time of arrest, the charge or crime for which the person was arrested, the name of the arrested person, the name of the arresting officer. Here the accused is photographed, fingerprinted, and temporarily released on bail, if possible.
The record or booking card is permanently kept in the files of the police department. On important cases, the prosecutor may be present at the booking, but usually he will enter the ease during the arraignment or initial appearance of the suspect before a magistrate or other judicial officer. Before turning to the prosecution of the suspect, it must be remembered that the investigative work of the police may continue even though the accused is involved with the prosecution or court phases o f the criminal justice system.

  At arraignment, summary trials can be held for petty offenses without further processing. During the initial appearance before a magistrate, judge or justice of the peace, the accused is to answer the charges against him. During the arraignment procedure, the charge may be dismissed by the court for a legal reason or the prosecutor may request to have the charges dropped. The initial appearance may also serve as the trial for minor offenses that have payment of a fine or a relatively short time in jail as punishment. Once the judge finds a verdict of guilt, the accuscd is

sentenced to jail or payment of a fine. The defendant may also be placed on probation for a specified length of time. If sentenced to jail, he may be granted parole.

  The purpose of preliminary hearing in the lower court is to determine whether there is a reasonable cause to believe that a felony was committed and whether there is a reasonable cause to believe that the accused committed the crime. It is here that a preliminary testing of the evidence takes place. As a result the accused may be released because of having been arrested not for probable cause, or he may be placed on bail or moved back to jail until his case is tried by the higher court.

  If there is a reasonable belief that a crime has been committed the accused, the prosecutor is given statutorily defined number of days to file formal charges against the defendant. The charge is filed on the basis of information from citizen complaints and police investigations.

  Then another arraignment is held. If the defendant pleads guilty a date for him to be sentenced is set by the judge. If the defendant pleads not guilty, he may request to have a jury trial or be tried by the court without a jury. At the trial, if the defendant is convicted, a date for sentencing is set.

   Before imposing the actual sentence an investigation by the probation officer takes place to assist the judge in deciding on a penalty. The defendant may be fined, sentenced to jail, or placed on probation. During  this period the defendant can appeal his conviction. As a rule, the appeal stays the execution of the sentence. If the appeal is unsuccessful or the defendant decides not to appeal, the penalty is imposed.

   The defendant is then involved in the corrections of the criminal justice system. It is here that rehabilitation of offenders is supposed to occur. This is the purpose of correctional establishments.

To reduce the risk of convicting an innocent person, there are checks and reviews at all stages of the criminal justice system.

(Law Enforcement in a Democratic Society, E. Beckman)

Notes:

a magistrate — магистрат; судья полицейского суда

justice of the peace — мировой судья

have the charges dropped — прекратить дело

once the judge finds a verdict of guilt — как только судья выносит обвинительный приговор

is supposed to occur — как полагают, происходит

Ex. 1. Find English equivalents in the text: (найдите в тексте следующие слова и выражения, выпишите их в тетрадь и выучите наизусть)

уголовный процесс; обвинение; судебное разбирательство; обжалование; произвести арест; ордер; совершить тяжкое преступление; тюремное заключение; подозреваемый; правоохранительные органы; обвиняемый; снимать отпечатки пальцев; картотека; упрощенное судопроизводство; мелкие правонарушения; суд низшей инстанции; слушать дело; подвергать уголовному преследованию; признать себя виновным; суд присяжных; вынести приговор; определить наказание; осудить условно; передать на поруки; перевоспитать; исправительные учреждения.

Ex. 2. Give Russian equivalents:

Переведите на русский язык, выпишите в тетрадь и выучите наизусть 

I. law; by-law, law-breaker, lawyer, law enforcement; lawful; to make laws; to obey laws; to enact laws; to pass laws; to violate laws;

II. to prevent; to prevent offenses, prevention of crime; preventive; preventive measures; a preventive war,

III. crimу; a criminal; a criminal case; criminality; a criminological study, to commit a crime; to reduce crime; to eliminate crime.

Ex. 3. Find synonyms among the following words: 

Дайте синонимы следующим словам:выпишите в тетрадь и выучите наизусть 

law, purpose, period, to force, a criminal, verdict, to define, aim, to obtain, penalty, duty, offense; evidence; to formulate, term, to get, punishment, to break, crime, offender, sentence, to violate, to oblige, cause, statute, obligation, reason, proof.

Ex. 4. Translate the following groups of words: 

Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык, выпишите в тетрадь и выучите наизусть  

criminal justice proccss;           a police department file;
trial court arraignment;           an imprisonment sentence; 
law enforcement agencies;      an arraignment procedure;
a jury trial;                                  a higher court trial; 
police investigations;                a ten-pound fine; 
citizen complaints;                    a five-hundred dollar bail;
a dead body identification;      prosecution or court phases.

Ex. 5. Complete the sentences with one of the words given below.

           Закончите предложения, употребив слова из скобок, выпишите в тетрадь и переведите на русский язык, выучите  наизусть 

(misdemeanor, released, summarily, chargcs, evidence, parole, fine, guilt, convicted, trial, felonies, booking, rehabilitate, appeal, charge):

1. There can be no conviction unless the ... of the defendant is established.

2. After making the arrest the officer may conduct a “limited” search for ... of the guilt of the person.

3. During the arraignment procedure the ... may be dismissed.

4. If a judge finds a verdict of guilt, the accused is sentenced to jail or payment of a ....

5. In some jurisdictions there is no separate preliminary hearing for misdemeanors and ....

6. At the ... a date for sentencing is set.

7. The procedure of... includes photographing and fingerprinting.

8. A person chargcd with a petty offense can be tried ... .

9. The purpose of corrections is to ... offenders.

10. The procedure of prosecutions for a felony is the same as for a ....

11. If the defendant is ... at the trial the date for sentencing is set.

12. The defendant can ... his conviction before the actual sentence is imposed.

13. Even if the defendant is sentcnccd to jail, he may be granted ....

14. During the arraignment the judge ... the accuscd with a specific crimc.

15. The accused may be ... at the preliminary hearing if there is no reasonable cause to believe that he committed the crime.

Ex. 6. Say what it is: 

Завершите предложения словами подходящими по смыслу, выпишите в тетрадь, переведите на русский язык  и выучите наизусть 

1. A formal order given by a judge or a prosecutor to arrest a person is called ....

2. The decision of a court made after the trial of a defendant is callcd ....

3. A fine, imprisonment or probation — all these arc different types of ....

4. A sum of money paid by the person arrested for being released until the trial is called ....

5. If a person breaks the law or violates public order it means that he commits a ...

6. All facts and things that must be presented to court to prove the guilt of the accused are called ....

7. If a person is convicted and the penalty is not a fine or imprisonment but placing him under control of a spccial police officcr it means that a person is placed  ... .

8. If a person pleads not guilty and does not agree with the scntcncc he may file an ....

9. A panel usually consisting of 12 persons to hold trials is callcd ... .

Ex. 7. Give your definition of the following: 

Завершите предложения .выпишите в тетрадь, переведите  и выучите наизусть 

1. The accused is a person who ...

2. A criminal is a person who ...

3. The defendant is a person who ...

4. The suspect is a person who ...

5. The convict is a person who ...

Ex. 8. Answer the questions on the text:

Ответьте на вопросы по тексту. Выпишите в тетрадь, переведите и выучите наизусть: 

1. What are the steps of the criminal justice in the USA?

2. In what eases may an arrest be made without a warrant?

3. What is a felony?

4. What is the punishment for a misdemeanor?

5. May the suspect be released without being prosecuted? In what cases?

6. What does booking include?

7. Where does booking take place?

8. In what eases arc summary trials held?

9. What is the purpose of preliminary hearing?

10. Who files formal charges against defendants?

11. When is a date for sentencing set?

12. What are the types of punishments?

13. What is the function of the probation officer?

14. When can the defendant appeal his conviction?

15. What is the purpose of corrections?

16. What is done to reduce the risk of convicting an innoccnt person?

Ex. 9. Translate into English: Переведите на английский язык.

1. Уголовный процесс имеет следующие стадии: 

арест и регистрация, 

привлечение к суду, 

предварительное слушание, 

предъявление обвинения, 

судебное разбирательство и обжалование.

2. Арест должен производиться на основании постановления (ордера).

3. Тяжкое преступление — это преступление, наказуемое смертной казнью или тюремным заключением.

4. Менее тяжкое уголовное преступление — это преступление, наказуемое штрафом или тюремным заключением до 1 года.

5. После предварительного слушания лицу предъявляется официальное обвинение.

6. На стадии привлечения к суду обвинение может быть отклонено.

7. Если обвиняемый признает себя виновным, устанавливается дата вынесения приговора.

8. После судебного разбирательства обвиняемый может обжаловать приговор.

9. Обвиняемый может быть осужден только судом.

10. Подозреваемый может быть временно отпущен под залог.

Для студентов II курса 2 группы ПСА на 20 мая 2020

Грамматика: Герундий

Просмотрите ролик, пройдя по ссылке, выполните упражнения:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wEZTqpW0za0

                           Gerund

Упражнение 1: 

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на способы перевода герундия: 

1. He always suggested staying here.

2.The job involves travelling to Germany once a month.

3. I proposed having party at the beach. 

4. I promised to care for the cat but I’m not much good at babysitting. 

5.He is capable of standing on his head and playing the saxophone. 

6.You’d better start digging the garden. 
7. Writing letters is more boring than phoning. 

8.It is not worth helping him do this job. 

9.My wife apologized for being late.

10. I’m very excited about attending tomorrow’s game. 

11.She ran away without looking behind her. 
12.He has a habit of smoking in the morning. 
13.My sister has got a talent for learning languages. 

14.I insisted on taking the dog for a walk myself. 

15.She is scared of being alone at night.

Упражнение 2: 

Используйте в предложениях герундий:

1. There is no sense in … (earn) more money than you can spend. 

2.Do you mind … (work) overtime? 
3.Normally I enjoy … (go) out but today I’d prefer … (stay) indoors. 

4.The film was really worth … (see). 

5.Brent is looking forward to … (take) a short break next month. 

6.She is fond of … (have) picnics.

7.I can’t remember … (see) him before. 

8.Everybody enjoys … (work) with him. 
9.The boy hates … (scold). I am sorry for … (disturb) you. 

10.The windows need … (clean).

11.It is no good … (force) him to go with us. 

12. I hate … (ask) stupid questions.

13. I don’t like … (cheat).

Упражнение 3:

Переведите предложения, используя герундий: 

1.Мой дядя бросил курить и сейчас предпочитает есть. 

2.Пожалуйста, прекратите шептаться.
3.Мне нравится быть одному. 

4.Я никогда не чувствую себя одиноко. 

5.Я перешел дорогу, не посмотрев. 
6.Подумай хорошо (carefully), прежде чем принять решение. 

7.Попробуй нажать на кнопку! 

8.Как насчет последнего стаканчика? 

9.Она закончила красить свою квартиру. 
10.Ты можешь представить свою жизнь без ТВ? 

11.Я правда не могу терпеть ждать автобус. 

12.Я не мог не засмеяться. 

13. Мы попытались открыть окно, но на улице было так жарко, что это не помогло. 

14.Вам следует прекратить курить, это плохо для Вашего здоровья. 

15.Я сожалею, что рассказал Джулии свой секрет; она рассказала всем. 

16.Он всех поблагодарил за то, что пришли.

Для студентов I курса 1 группы ПСО на 19 мая 2020

 "Treasure Island"

Прочтите мини-презентацию к произведению Robert Louis Stevenson "Treasure Island", перейдя по следующей ссылке:

                          https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1KQ0WyYtskiBaQWNpEqp6yG8dYqRvfAMUT3llEO9swa4/edit#slide=id.p1

                         

Просмотрите отрывок из произведения, переведите, подготовьтесь к пересказу и обсуждению книги:

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. He (to spend) last summer in the country. 

2. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 

3. He (to spend) last summer in the country? 

4. Where he (to spend) last summer? 

5. She (to help) mother yesterday. 

6. She (not to help) mother yesterday. 

7. She (to help) mother yesterday? 

8. How she (to help) mother yesterday? 

9. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 

10. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 

11. Kate (to cook) dinner yesterday. 

12. I (not to eat) ice-cream every day. 

13. I (not to eat) ice-cream tomorrow. 

14. I (not to eat) ice-cream yesterday. 

15. You (to go) to school every day? 

16. You (to go) to the south next summer? 

17. You (to go) abroad last summer?

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Present Simple.

1.His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 

2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 

3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 

4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 

5. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 

6. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 

7. Look! The baby (to sleep). 

8. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 

9. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 

10. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 

11. I usually (to get) up at seven o’clock in the morning. 

12. What your sister (to do) now? – She (to wash) her face and hands. 

13. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at three o’clock.

Для студентов I курса на 18 мая 2020

 "Treasure Island"

Прочтите мини-презентацию к произведению Robert Louis Stevenson "Treasure Island", перейдя по следующей ссылке:

                          https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1KQ0WyYtskiBaQWNpEqp6yG8dYqRvfAMUT3llEO9swa4/edit#slide=id.p1

                         

Просмотрите отрывок из произведения, переведите, подготовьтесь к пересказу и обсуждению книги:

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. He (to spend) last summer in the country. 

2. He (not to spend) last summer in the country. 

3. He (to spend) last summer in the country? 

4. Where he (to spend) last summer? 

5. She (to help) mother yesterday. 

6. She (not to help) mother yesterday. 

7. She (to help) mother yesterday? 

8. How she (to help) mother yesterday? 

9. Kate (to cook) dinner every day. 

10. Kate (to cook) dinner tomorrow. 

11. Kate (to cook) dinner yesterday. 

12. I (not to eat) ice-cream every day. 

13. I (not to eat) ice-cream tomorrow. 

14. I (not to eat) ice-cream yesterday. 

15. You (to go) to school every day? 

16. You (to go) to the south next summer? 

17. You (to go) abroad last summer?

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или Present Simple.

1.His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 

2. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 

3. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 

4. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning. 

5. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 

6. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 

7. Look! The baby (to sleep). 

8. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 

9. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 

10. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 

11. I usually (to get) up at seven o’clock in the morning. 

12. What your sister (to do) now? – She (to wash) her face and hands. 

13. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at three o’clock.

Для студентов II курса РИПК на 18 мая 2020

Тема: "Kinds of storms"

Прочтите текст, переведите,  ответьте на вопросы:

Storms are an important part of weather. Storms can produce hard rain, blowing snow, large hail, or damaging winds. There are different kinds of storms.

Let us start with a blizzard. It is a heavy snowstorm with very strong cold winds that can be blinding. A blizzard happens in the winter, when very cold air from the Arctic moves south and meets warmer air. In the result a blizzard starts. It has blowing snow and makes it difficult for people to drive or walk anywhere. If a blizzard is coming, it is better to stay indoors.

Another storm is a hurricane, which starts over the ocean. The winds get faster and heavy clouds are formed. First, the hurricane grows, it can be hundreds of miles wide and last days or weeks. But finally it gets weaker and disappears.

Hurricanes form between June and December, but they occur most often in September. They usually happen along the Atlantic Coast or in the Gulf of Mexico.

In hurricane season, the weather service keeps a close watch. If a storm starts, warnings are sent out so that people in the area can go indoors or leave town, waiting for the storm to pass.

Every hurricane gets a name. The first storm of the year gets a person’s name that starts with the letter A. The second storm gets the letter B. Each storm that year gets a name beginning with a new letter of the alphabet.

One of the strongest windstorms of all is a tornado. It typically starts on a hot, sticky, cloudy afternoon. A tornado is formed when dry air from the north meets wet air from the south, causing dark clouds to form. The dark clouds start to change at the bottom, and a funnellike shape forms. This funnel grows until it reaches the ground, and then it starts to travel, roaring as it goes.

Tornadoes hit mostly in the Midwest of the USA, but they can also occur in other areas of the country. Usually tornadoes occur in spring or in summer. The storm usually does not last long, and the funnel soon disappears or moves on. People are advised to stay in a cellar and wait until the storm is over.

There are other types of storms, too, which add beauty and excitement to our lives. A snowstorm brings billions of snowflakes. When they are examined, no two are exactly alike. Each tiny snowflake has its own shape and beauty.

Almost everyone has awakened during a thunderstorm in the middle of the night. The noisy thunder and the bright lightning startle and excite spectators.

There are gentle rainstorms, too. When people hear the soft sounds of quiet falling rain, they often feel peaceful. Sometimes a rainbow appears in the sky as an enormous arch of colored stripes.

To sum up, there are many kinds of storms. Some of them are destructive, others bring a simple beauty to us. All the same, storms of all kinds are a part of our lives.

Words for the text:

disaster [dɪ’zɑːstə] — стихийное бедствие;

damage [‘dæmɪʤ] — 1. повреждение; 2.наносить повреждения;

damaging — разрушительный;

blind [blaɪnd] — 1. слепой; 2. ослеплять;

blinding — ослепляющий;

occur [ə’kɜː] — случаться, происходить (син. happen);

cause [kɔːz] — вызывать, быть причиной;

funnel — воронка;

funnellike — в форме воронки;

destructive [dɪ’strʌktɪv] — разрушительный (син. damaging).

Answer the questions / ответьте на вопросы:

1. What kinds of storms can you name now?

2.What do the strong winds of a blizzard do?

3. Where does a hurricane start?

4. What sometimes happens after it rains?

5. Why is it important to know about storms?

 Выполните следующие упражнения:

Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык:

creature, extinct, species, endanger, damage, wildlife, habitat, destroy, cure, development, size, weight, cardboard, include, rainforest, mammal, insect. 

Упражнение 2.  Подберите слово из упражнения 1 к определению ниже:

A kind of animal no longer existing

To cause danger to a living being

A group of plants and animals of the same kind

A place where an animal or a plant is found

An animal or being of some kind

To damage so much that it’s completely ruined

To put in smth else

To make a disease go away by medical treatment. 

Упражнение 3. Образуйте новое слово от данного в скобках:

A hurricane is a _________________________ wind or storm. (violence)

It was a ____________________________________ disaster. (terror)

The _________________________ made by the fire was awful. (destroy)

It is ______________________ to be near the crater of volcano. (danger)

______________      disasters can damage houses and kill people. (nature)

Emergency _____________________ do their best to save people. (work)

Sometimes situations are very ___________________ to solve.(difficulty)

The ocean is polluted with ______________________ waste. (chemistry)

We should solve ________________________ problems. (environment)

Air _________________________ is very dangerous for people. (pollute)

The ___________________________of scientists are alarming. (predict)

The earth has given us _______________ for thousands of years. (support)

The hurricane did a lot of ____________________ to the house. (damage).

What are the most serious __________________  problems now? (ecology).