https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bjEUvs-QEg4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QM3Q5k3DQD8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cp4SwAUBZfI

ONLINE TRAVELLING

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=weOq1kYhLn0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W_3ANv2oRGA

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11B2MFDv0r4

BEWARE!

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-kU8Xv2CYJM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PLdl6NDGDE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xj1nUFFVK1E

Modal Verbs and Expressions (Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты). 

Can – may – must – need – should – would – ought to – to have to – to be to – shall to be obliged to

Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Какой модальный глагол выражает вежливый совет или рекомендацию?

2. Какой модальный глагол служит для описания правил и требований закона?

3. Какой модальный глагол выражает настоятельную необходимость?

4. После каких модальных глаголов не употребляется частица to?

Значение модальных глаголов и их эквивалентов.

Модальные глаголы обозначают не действие, a:

• возможность или способность совершения действия;

• разрешение, позволение;

• вероятность, предположение;

• необходимость;

• долженствование.

I. Прочитайте предложения, объясните значения модальных глаголов can/could, must, to have to, to be to, may/ might, should, ought to, shall, to be obliged to и переведите на русский язык.

1. The laws of the subjects of the Russian Federation cannot contradict federal laws.

2. Bills may be introduced by individual MPs, they are debated in the Commons usually on Fridays.

3. To become a law a bill must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President.

4. The President can veto a bill.

5. Can the state system of a particular country be changed?

6. The House of Representatives can also impeach the President.

7. The President is to carry out the programmes of the Government.

8. All citizens of the Russian Federation shall enjoy equal rights.

9. The Monarch must give the Royal Assent before a Bill can become a legal enactment (Act of Parliament).

10. The British are divided on the issue whether the Monarchy should last.

11. The Speaker of the House of Commons has to be completely impartial.

12. Students ought to treat professors with respect.

13. Shall I pay the rent monthly? No, you needn’t. We charge rental payments once a year.

14. You should do your best to learn legal terminology.

15. Trade secret needn’t be registered.

16. All citizens are obliged to observe laws.

17. The US President shall be elected every 4 years.

II. Вставьте подходящие по смыслу модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.

1. Do you believe all people, including high-ranking officials, … obey the law?

2. An unwritten Constitution … be easily changed.

3. What courses of law … be included for advanced students?

4. Parliament … not follow a special procedure to alter any constitutional laws.

5. General election … be called within five years.

6. Who … veto a bill?

7. The US President appoints the justices, but the Senate … approve them.

8. The law … not contradict the Constitution.

9. The government really … do something about unemployment.

10. In a civil case a claimant … prove the guilt of a defendant “beyond reasonable doubt”.

11. Why … trade secret not be disclosed?

III. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами:

1. — … I take the document? — No, you ....

2. — ... you work as a detective? — Not yet.

3. The trial ... to begin at 10 o’clock.

4. She believes that the judge ... discharge him.

5. You ... tell him that we need his assistance.

6. The investigator was very tired, he ... to stop the cross-examination.

7. The witness ... answer the barrister’s questions during the cross-examination.

8. When the examination of witnesses is over, the judge … to sum up the evidence for the jury.

IV. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.

1.В Британских школах дети должны носить форму.

2. Все граждане обязаны соблюдать законы общества, в котором они живут.

3. Свидетель должен прийти в кабинет следователя в 9 часов утра.

4. Вы обязаны помогать вашим пожилым родителям.

5. Вам следует просмотреть все вещественные доказательства еще раз.

6. Судьи обязаны действовать в соответствии с законом.

7. В наши дни члены общества не должны жить по законам джунглей.

8. Могу я попросить Вас описать этот случай?

V Соотнесите английские предложения с соответствующими русскими предложениями. 

1. The US President appoints the justices to the Supreme Court, but the Senate must approve them.

2. A constitutional amendment can only be carried if a very substantial majority, both in Congress and the individual states, approve it.

3. A representative must be at least 25 years old, a citizen of the United States for 7 years, and a resident of that state in which he shall be chosen.

4. Nowadays the following cases can be tried by jury: libel, malicious prosecution, false imprisonment, fraud.

5. A candidate for the President of the Russian Federation can be nominated by a political party or by the candidate personally.

6. The US government must follow its own laws and it can only act using powers given to it by the people.

a. рассматривать дела о клевете, злонамеренном судебном преследовании, неправомерном лишении свобод и мошенничестве.

b. Кандидат в Президенты Российской Федерации может быть выдвинут политической партией или лично самим кандидатом.

c. Правительство США должно следовать собственным законам и оно может действовать только используя полномочия, данные ему народом.

d. Президент США назначает судей в Верховный суд, а сенат должен их утвердить.

e. Поправка может быть внесена в Конституцию лишь в том случае, когда она получает одобрение большинства как в Конгрессе, так и в каждом штате.

f. В настоящее время суд присяжных может

g. Членом палаты представителей может быть избран любой гражданин, не моложе 25 лет. Он должен быть гражданином США в течение 7 лет и проживать в том штате, в котором будет избираться.

VI. Выразите свое отношение к высказываниям в верхней колонке, используя фразы из нижней.

1. You must observe your University’s Charter.

2. You should make your CV easy to read.

3. All citizens have to pay taxes.

4. You mustn’t give false evidence in a court.

5. You shouldn’t try to bypass the law.

a. I think it’s a bad thing to do.

b. Do it because it’s the law.

c. Don’t do it. It isn’t allowed. It’s against the law.

d. Do it. I think it’s very important.

e. I think it’s a good thing to do it.

Must, have to, should Must/ have to – выражают необходимость или обязанность. Эти два глагола очень близки по значению.

                              Must – основные значения.

1. Необходимость с точки зрения говорящего. I must inform the police about this road accident. Я должен (я считаю необходимым) сообщить в полицию об этом дорожном происшествии.

2. Настоятельная рекомендация. You must follow the lawyer’s advice. Вы обязательно должны последовать советам юриста.

3. Приказ. Witnesses must testify under oath. Свидетели должны давать показания под присягой.

Have to – выражает необходимость, вызванную внешними обстоятельствами, а также обязанность, вытекающую из правил и требований закона. Both parties of the agreement have to perform their obligations. Обе стороны соглашения обязаны выполнять их обязательства.

Should – употребляется для выражения вежливого совета или рекомендации. I think, you should complain to the higher authority. Я считаю, что вы должны (вам следует) пожаловаться в вышестоящую инстанцию.

VII. Вставьте модальные глаголы must, have to, should.

Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The court … establish a person’s guilt on the basis of facts.

2. The government … give the police great powers to combat crime.

3. Judges … be fair.

4. On the one hand, laws … be just. On the other hand, morality needs laws to uphold rights and punish wrongs.

5. Many companies … employ lawyers to ensure that their contracts are valid.

6. Contracts … be either written or oral.

7. You have violated the law and … pay a fine.

8. … the victim identify his assailant?

9. In civil cases the jury … decide on the amount of damages to be awarded to the plaintiff.

РИПК II КУРС задание на четверг 26 марта 2020

1.    Translate and learn words:

• constitution
• declaration
• revolution
• protection
• education
• formation
• information
• discrimination
• prohibition
• prevention

2.    Read the text:

The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted on the 12^th of December, 1993. More than 58 million voters took part in the referendum on the new draft constitution. 32 million people voted in favour of the draft constitution. The new Constitution came into force on the 25^th of December, 1993, when it was officially published. The adoption of the 1993 Constitution marked the beginning of a new era in the history of the Russian Federation. The Constitution forms the country’s legal foundation, proclaims the President of the Russian Federation the head of state and lays upon him the responsibility for defending the Constitution, human rights and civil liberties, safeguarding Russia’s sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and ensuring the coordinated functioning and cooperation of the state bodies of power.

We, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, are united by a common fate on our land. We establish human rights and freedoms, civil peace and accord and preserve the historically established State unity, principles of equality and self-determination of peoples. Russian people revere the memory of ancestors who have passed on to us their love for the Motherland and faith in good and justice. They revive the sovereignty of Russia for future generations. We recognize ourselves a part of the world community. We adopt the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

3.    Answer the questions:

1.What can you see in the picture?

2.When was the last Constitution adopted?

3.Have you read this document?

4.Do you think it’s important for you to know this document? Why?

4. In this table you can read the extracts from the Constitution. Complete the sentences with the word on the right in its appropriate form:

Everyone have the right to ...	LIVE
Basic general ... shall be compulsory. Parents or guardians shall ensure that children receive a basic general education.	EDUCATE
All persons shall be ... before the law and the court.	EQUALITY
Everyone shall have the right to use his (her) native language and to a free choice of the language of ..., ... and ... work.	COMMUNICATE EDUCATE CREATE
Everyone shall be guaranteed ... of ... and speech.	FREE SPEAK
The freedom of the mass media is ... .	GUARANTEE
Everyone shall have the right freely to use his (her) labour skills and to choose the type of ... and ... .	ACTIVE OCCUPY
Everyone shall have the right to ... .	RESTFUL
Everyone shall have the right to ... protection and medical care.	HEALTHY

5. Read and translate these sentences, find modal verbs:

• Children must receive a basic general education.
• Everyone has the right to rest.
• We have the right to health protection and medical care.

6. Watch the video-explanation how to use the Infinitive:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edP17lsTVB0

7. Вставьте частицу to, где это необходимо.

1.    Parents should let the children … have private life.

2.    I waited for my friend … get off the bus.

3.    They made me … do it.

4.    We can’t … let him stay outdoors.

5.    He ordered the car … come at 5 p.m.

6.    At last he was made … write a letter to his parents.

7.    Children were allowed … go to the cinema alone.

8.    Let us … be friends.

9.    What makes you … think so?

10. Don’t let him … drive so fast.

8. Follow the link to test online:

 https://www.native-english.ru/tests/the-infinitive

Инструкция к ссылке на тест! 

1. Пройдите по ссылке.

2. Откроется страница.

3. В нижнем левом углу "начать тест"! 

GOOD LUCK!

Студенты I курс 1 группа ПСО! Задание на четверг, 26 марта 2020 года выложено заранее 24 марта 2020 года! Внимательно просмотрите в блоге сообщения от 24 марта. В нем четко указано "Задание для I курса"!